Search (14184 results, page 1 of 710)

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Abstract

Discusses drawbacks of the Java programming language, and proposes some potential improvements for concurrent object-oriented software development. Java's passive object model does not provide an effective means for building distributed applications, critical for the future of Web-based next-generation information systems. Suggests improvements to Java's existing mechanisms for maintaining consistency across multiple threads, sending asynchronous messages and controlling resources. Drives the discussion with examples and suggestions from work on the Actor model of computation

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Abstract

A multilevel help system for the MELVYL Web interface at the University of California, USA, is under development. Describes interface design, procedural help, strategic help and other help

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Content

Enthält folgende Kapitel: (1) Einleitung (einschl. historischem Überblick, Typen von Datenbanken, benutzer und ihre Anfragen, Definitionen); (2) Datenmodelle für terminologische Datenbanken (die Eintragung, Datenfelder, Relationen, der terminologische Datensatz); (3) Phasen der Planung und Einrichtung terminologischer Datenbanken; (4) Erarbeitung und Zusammentragen terminologischer Daten; (5) Organisation und Verwaltung terminologischer Datenbanken; (6) Zusammenfassung

Footnote

This first 'GTW-Report' is the result of Working Group 2 of the Society for Terminology and Knowledge Transfer and is meant to help all those concerned with planning and establishing terminology databases

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Abstract

This article discusses the provision of "help" in interactive information retrieval system (IIRS) and describes a comparative survey of the "help" facilities of 16 such systems. Six guidelines for the design of a "help" facility are drawn up and these are used to evaluate the quality and friendliness of the "help" provided by each system. The scores indicate that "help" on IIRS is often inadequate, especially on the commercial online systems. This article concludes by discussing why "help" is so unfriendly and by suggesting some ways in which online "help" could be improved

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Abstract

When consumers search for health information, a major obstacle is their unfamiliarity with the medical terminology. Even though medical thesauri such as the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and related tools (e.g., the MeSH Browser) were created to help consumers find medical term definitions, the lack of direct and explicit integration of these help tools into a health retrieval system prevented them from effectively achieving their objectives. To explore this issue, we conducted an empirical study with two systems: One is a simple interface system supporting query-based searching; the other is an augmented system with two new components supporting MeSH term searching and MeSH tree browsing. A total of 45 subjects were recruited to participate in the study. The results indicated that the augmented system is more effective than the simple system in terms of improving user-perceived topic familiarity and question-answer performance, even though we did not find users spend more time on the augmented system. The two new MeSH help components played a critical role in participants' health information retrieval and were found to allow them to develop new search strategies. The findings of the study enhanced our understanding of consumers' search behaviors and shed light on the design of future health information retrieval systems.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Details how the ON-LINE Help Construction Kit (version 2.2) can be used to create a help system for searching online catalogues. Details the planning process when preparing such a system and how to use the kit to create help panels

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Abstract

Seekers of information in libraries either go through a librarian intermediary or they help themselves. When they go through librarians they must develop their questions through four levels of need, referred to here as the visceral, conscious, formalized, and compromised needs. In his pre-search interview with an information seeker the reference librarian attempts to help him arrive at an understanding of his 'compromised' need by determining: (1) the subject of his interest; (2) his motivation; (3) his personal characteristics; (4) the relationship of the inquiry to file organization; and (5) anticipated answers. The author contends that research is needed into the techniques of conducting this negotiation between the user and the reference librarian

Footnote

Vgl. auch in: Reference and information services: a reader. Ed.: B. Katz and A. Tarr. New York: Scarecrow Press 1978. Vgl. auch den Artikel zur Rezeption und Wirkung: Chang, Y.-W.: The influence of Taylor's paper, Question-Negotiation and Information-Seeking in Libraries. In: Information processing and management. 49(2013) no.5, S.983-994.

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Abstract

It is often difficult to prove that automased scientific communication processes are effective because of data acquisition problems. The high level of modern communication techniques and element characterisation permit the construction of a cooperative chain from text generation up to efficient data acquisition for different purposes. This may help in the construction of knowledge bases.

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Abstract

In this paper, we describe in detail the Information Content Evaluation Map (ICE-Map Visualization, formerly referred to as IC Difference Analysis). The ICE-Map Visualization is a visual data mining approach for all kinds of concept hierarchies that uses statistics about the concept usage to help a user in the evaluation and maintenance of the hierarchy. It consists of a statistical framework that employs the the notion of information content from information theory, as well as a visualization of the hierarchy and the result of the statistical analysis by means of a treemap.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

The book contains a number of important papers from other languages than German which were translated for the purpose of this publication. Since many of the papers are out of print, these reprints and translations help saving them from being lost

Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: WÜSTER, E.: Terminologielehre; HAJUTIN, A.D.: Die verschiedenen Richtungen in der Terminologiearbeit; KOCOUREK, R.: Der Terminus und seine Definition; DROZD, L.: Zum Gegenstand und zur Methode der Terminologielehre; HORECKY, J.: Zu Bedeutungsbeziehungen zwischen den terminologischen Benennungen; FILIPEC, J.: Zur Spezifik des spezialsprachlichen Wortschatzes gegenüber dem allgemeinen Wortschatz; FILIPEC, J.: Zur Frage des Systems in der Terminologie; REFORMATSKIJ, A.A.: Was ist eine Benennung und was ist Terminologie?; SUPERANSKAJA, A.V.: Theoretische Terminologiearbeit; ZHURAVLEV, V.F. u. G.G. SAMBUROVA: Philosophisch-logische Aspekte der Terminologieregelung und -normung; ZHURAVLEV, V.F.: Einige logisch-methodologische Fragen der Regelung des Begriffsapparates und von Terminologien; NALEPIN, V.L.: Begriffsarten und Definitionsstruktur; WÜSTER, E.: Das Worten der Welt, schaubildlich und terminologisch dargestellt; WÜSTER, E.: Die Allgemeine Terminologielehre: ein Grenzgebiet zwischen Sprachwissenschaft, Logik, Ontologie, Informatik und den Sachwissenschaften; FELBER, H.: Einige Grundfragen der Terminologiewissenschaft aus der Sicht der Allgemeinen Terminologielehre; COLE, W.D.: Terminologie: Grundsätze und Methoden; SCHULZE, E.: Der Terminus: Eigenschaften und Wesen sowie seine Abgrenzung von anderen Lexemarten; PICHT, H.: Fachsprachliche Phraseologie; OESER, E.: Terminologie als Voraussetzung der Wissenstechnik; BUDIN, G., C. GALINSKI, W. NEDOBITY u. R. THALLER: Terminologie und die Wissensverarbeitung; PICHT, H. u. C. LAURÉN: Vergleich der terminologischen Schulen

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Abstract

The advent and development of the Internet has changed students' pattern of information seeking behaviors. That is also the case in Iran. The current research was carried out by interviewing with and observing of 20 intermediate girl students to assess their information seeking behavior on the web environment through a qualitative approach. Findings indicate an acceptable level of access to the Internet and vast use of web search engines by the girl students in Tehran. However, students' knowledge of the concept and how search engines work and also about the methods and tools of retrieving information from electronic sources other than the search engines is poor. The study also shows that, compared to the Internet, the role of libraries and librarians are gradually diminishing in fulfilling the students' information needs. Authors recommend that school librarians can provide different instructional and information literacy programs to help students improve their information seeking behavior and their knowledge of the Internet.

Source

Information und Wissen: global, sozial und frei? Proceedings des 12. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI 2011) ; Hildesheim, 9. - 11. März 2011. Hrsg.: J. Griesbaum, T. Mandl u. C. Womser-Hacker

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Abstract

In principle, the 'knowledge' encoded in a thesaurus can be exploited in many ways to help users clarify their information needs and enhance query performance, but attempts to automate this process via AI techniques face many practical difficulties. In the short term it may be more useful to improve support for direct interactive use of thesauri. We discuss some of the issues which have arisen when building an interface for thesaurus navigation and query enhancement, drawing on logs and user feedback from ongoing small-scale experiments

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

The telecommunications service is a scientific tool which libraries should use to save time in supplying information. Information can be read, retrieved, copied or discussed immediately with the help of electronic publishing. The service has great social potential. International cooperation is important yet national identity must be maintained and access to information guaranteed. If librarians regard electronic publishing simply as a technology, the readers will not accept it and the system will become ineffectual. More research is needed on copyright law problems. Electronic publishing improves data bank access and should overcome inequalities between regions and sections of the population.

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Abstract

The Electronic Libraries and Information Highways MITRE Sponsored Research project aims to help searchers working in digital libraries increase their chance of matching the language of authors. Focuses on whether query formulation can be improved through the addition of semantic knowledge that is interactively gathered from a thesaurus that exists in a distributed, interoperating, cooperative environment. A prototype, ELVIS, was built that improves information retrieval through query expansion and is based on publicly available Z39.50 standard thesauri integrated with networked information discovery and retrieval tools

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

During the BMWI granted project "Print-IT", the need of a thesaurus based uniform and consistent language for the German printing industry became evident. In this paper we introduce a semi-automatic construction approach for such a thesaurus and present a workflow which supports users to generate thesaurus typical information structures from relevant digitalized resources with the help of common IT-tools.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Although knowledge-based systems are already assisting help-desk staff in the IS department to solve systems development and similar problems, they have yet to become a fully functional part of user support help desks. The two advisor applications described in this article illustrate how easily these knowledge-based systems can be developed and, even more important, how more productive they can make the help-desk staff and the users themselves

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Abstract

Discusses the potential of hypertext for creating all manner of information resources to fill the gaps where free text and structured database systems are inappropriate. Describes the tools required to create and distribute a variety of hypertext information resources, all available, affordable and easy to use. These include: the Microsoft Windows graphical user interface and Windows help system and special features offered: a Rich Text Format word processing program (Word for Windows) and Microsoft Windows Help Compiler for authoring Windows Help hyperdocuments; and the OrgMap Help data file. Outlines the limitations of hypüerdocument information resources