Search (14245 results, page 8 of 713)

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Abstract

The KMODDL (kinematic models for design digital library) is a digital library based on a historical collection of kinematic models made of steel and bronze. The digital library contains four types of learning modules including textual materials, QuickTime virtual reality movies, Java simulations, and stereolithographic files of the physical models. The authors report an evaluation study on the uses of the KMODDL in two undergraduate classes. This research reveals that the users in different classes encountered different usability problems, and reported quantitatively different subjective experiences. Further, the results indicate that depending on the subject area, the two user groups preferred different types of learning modules, resulting in different uses of the available materials and different learning outcomes. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future digital library design.

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Abstract

The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science opened a new research laboratory in January 2003; The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science Information Processing Laboratory [IU IP Lab]. The purpose of the new laboratory is to facilitate collaboration between scientists in the department in the areas of information retrieval (IR) and information visualization (IV) research. The lab has several areas of focus. These include grid and cluster computing, and a standard Java-based software platform to support plug and play research datasets, a selection of standard IR modules and standard IV algorithms. Future development includes software to enable researchers to contribute datasets, IR algorithms, and visualization algorithms into the standard environment. We decided early on to use OAI-PMH as a resource discovery tool because it is consistent with our mission.

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Abstract

It is widely believed that many queries submitted to search engines are inherently ambiguous (e.g., java and apple). However, few studies have tried to classify queries based on ambiguity and to answer "what the proportion of ambiguous queries is". This paper deals with these issues. First, we clarify the definition of ambiguous queries by constructing the taxonomy of queries from being ambiguous to specific. Second, we ask human annotators to manually classify queries. From manually labeled results, we observe that query ambiguity is to some extent predictable. Third, we propose a supervised learning approach to automatically identify ambiguous queries. Experimental results show that we can correctly identify 87% of labeled queries with the approach. Finally, by using our approach, we estimate that about 16% of queries in a real search log are ambiguous.

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Abstract

For introductory information retrieval courses at the undergraduate and graduate level in computer science, information science and computer engineering departments. Written by a leader in the field of information retrieval, Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice, is designed to give undergraduate students the understanding and tools they need to evaluate, compare and modify search engines. Coverage of the underlying IR and mathematical models reinforce key concepts. The book's numerous programming exercises make extensive use of Galago, a Java-based open source search engine. SUPPLEMENTS / Extensive lecture slides (in PDF and PPT format) / Solutions to selected end of chapter problems (Instructors only) / Test collections for exercises / Galago search engine

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Abstract

Medical insurance fraud is common in many countries' medical insurance systems and represents a serious threat to the insurance funds and the benefits of patients. In this paper, we present an inference model of medical insurance fraud detection, based on a medical detection domain ontology that incorporates the knowledge base provided by the Medical Terminology, NKIMed, and Chinese Library Classification systems. Through analyzing the behaviors of irregular and fraudulent medical services, we defined the scope of the medical domain ontology relevant to the task and built the ontology about medical sciences and medical service behaviors. The ontology then utilizes Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) and Java Expert System Shell (JESS) to detect medical irregularities and mine implicit knowledge. The system can be used to improve the management of medical insurance risks.

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Abstract

Reports 2 experiments that investigated the semantic distance model (SDM) of relevance assessment. In the 1st experiment graduate students of mathematics and economics assessed the relevance relationships between bibliographic records and hierarchies of terms composed of classification heading or help menu terms. The relevance assessments of the classification headings, but not the help menu terms, exhibited both a semantic distance effect and a semantic direction effect as predicted by the SDM. Topical subject expertise enhanced both these effects. The 2nd experiment investigates whether the poor performance of the help menu terms are an experimental design artifact reflecting the comparison of terse help terms with verbose classification headings. In the 2nd experiment the help menu terms were compared to a hierarchy of single word terms where they exhibited both a semantic distance and semantic direction effect

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Classification

ST 253 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierwerkzeuge (A-Z)

RVK

ST 253 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierwerkzeuge (A-Z)

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Abstract

The 10th volume of the German series 'Forschritte der Wissensorganisation' (Advances in Knowledge Organization) with the title 'Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization (Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation)' consists of papers presented at the 10th German ISKO conference on Knowledge Organisation (Wissensorganisation 2006). As it was held 2006 in Vienna in conjunction with the 9th International ISKO conference (organized by the Centre for Translation Studies and the Institute for Educational Sciences), it contains many contributions in English as well as a number of supplementary publications of the International Conference. This explains why the Introduction and the Subject Index are in English. Also, every essay contains at least an English abstract. We would like to thank all the authors for submitting their elaborated papers. The 31 articles in this volume were assigned to seven chapters.

Content

Inhalt: Grundlagen der Wissensorganisation - Gerhard Rahmstorf: Zur Standortbestimmung der Wissensorganisation - Christine Rahl: Das Nichtwissen in der Wissensorganisation. Ober die verschiedenen Arten "nicht zu wissen" und ihre Bedeutung für die Wissensorganisation - Rosa San Segundo Manuel: From the Invalidity of a General Classification Theory to a new Organization of Knowledge for the Millennium to come - Mikel Breitenstein: Indexing Models as Social Systems - Fulvio Mayzocchi & Paolo Plini: Refining Thesaurus Relational Structure: Implications and Opportunities - Ingetraut Dahlberg: Kompatibilität und Integration: Probleme und Lösungen in der Wissensorganisation Kompatibilität und Heterogenität des Wissens Compatibility and Heterogeneity of Knowledge - Harm Paschen: Zur epistemischen Integration und Integriertheit heterogener Wissensbestände - Michael Panzer: Semantische Integration heterogener und unterschiedlichsprachiger Wissensorganisationssysteme: CrissCross und jenseits - Maximilian Stempfhuber: Verbesserung der Zugänglichkeit heterogen erschlossener Informationen - Anne-Kathrin Falter & Philipp Mayr: Mapping Knowledge Organization Systems - Francisco Javier Garcia Marco: Compatibility & Heterogeneity in Knowledge-Organization: Some Reflections Around a Case Study in the Field of Consumer Information - Maja Zumer & Genevieve Clavel-Merrin: TEL-ME-MOR: Investigating Subject Access Tools and Practices of European National Libraries
Ontologien in der Wissensorganisation - Winfried Schmitz-Esser: Ontologien - What are they good for, and do they help us much? - Winfried Schmitz-Esser: Formalizing Terminology-Based Knowledge for an Ontology Independently of a Particular Language - Roberto Poli: Upper Ontologies Hold It Together Wissensverwaltung und -zugriff - Kerstin Zimmermann: A research Ontology for Telecommunication - Jörn Sieglerschmidt: Convergence of Internet Services in the Cultural Heritage Sector - W the long ay to Common Vocabularies, Metadata Formats, - Ontologies - Cornelia Dippold: Wissensverwaltung und Wissensrecherche durch Integration eines Metadatenkonzepts im FDZ-RV - H. Peter Ohly: Bibliometric Mining: Added Value from Document Analysis and Retrieval Medien in der Wissensvermittlung Media in Knowledge Transmission - Sabrina Schrammel: neue wissensräume?! Überlegungen zur Untersuchung qualitativ neuer Raumverältnisse als Implikationen der Wissensorganisation im Zeitalter neuer Medien - Konstantin Mitgutsch: Inkompatibilität in der Wissensorganisation. Über die produktive Negativität im Lernprozess? - Silvana Kropp: Wissensorganisation im Medium zunehmender Komplexität. Der enzyklopädische Wandel vom 15. - 20. Jahrhundert
Zukunft der Wissensorganisation - H. Peter Ohly: Was bedeutet 'Entwicklung'? Wissensorganisation im Rückblick - Winfried Schmitz-Esser: Wissensorganisation und Nutzung - Michael Nentwich: Technologiegebundene Wissensorganisation in der Wissenschaft Technology-based Knowledge Organization in Academia - Gerhard Rahmstorf: Die Bedeutung der Sprache in der Wissensorganisation Ethik in der Wissensorganisation Ethics in Knowledge Organization - Martin Van der Walt: Normative Ethics in Knowledge Organisation - Erwin Lengauer: Analytische Rechtsethik im Kontext säkularer Begründungsdiskurse zur Würde biologischer Entitäten - Michael Nagenborg: Privatheit - Menschenrecht oder eine Frage des Anstandes? - Karsten Weber: Ethikcodizes für die Wissensorganisation - Michael Nentwich: Knowledge Base Law - eine neuartige Wissensbasis im juristischen Bereich

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Abstract

To date, there has been little empirical research investigating the specific types of help-seeking situations that arise when people interact with information in new searching environments such as digital libraries. This article reports the results of a project focusing on the identification of different types of help-seeking situations, along with types of factors that precipitate them among searchers of two different digital libraries. Participants (N = 120) representing the general public in Milwaukee and New York City were selected for this study. Based on the analysis of multiple sources of data, the authors identify 15 types of help-seeking situations among this sample of novice digital library users. These situations are related to the searching activities involved in getting started, identifying relevant digital collections, browsing for information, constructing search statements, refining searches, monitoring searches, and evaluating results. Multiple factors that determine the occurrences of each type of help-seeking situation also are identified. The article concludes with a model that represents user, system, task, and interaction outcome as codeterminates in the formation of help-seeking situations, and presents the theoretical and practical implications of the study results.

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to describe the personal information and help networks of people with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) in rural Canada, and to present a research-based model of how and why these networks developed. This model seeks to consider the roles of PHAs, their family members/friends and formal health systems in network formation. Design/methodology/approach - In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 114 PHAs, their friends/family members (FFs) and formal caregivers in three rural regions of Canada. A network solicitation procedure elicited PHAs' HIV/AIDS information/help networks. Interviews were analyzed qualitatively, and network data were analyzed statistically. Documents describing health systems in each region were also analyzed. Analyses used social capital theory, supplemented by stress/coping and stigma management theories. Findings - PHAs' HIV/AIDS-related information/help networks emphasized linking and bonding social capital with minimal bridging social capital. This paper presents a model that explains how and why such networks developed. The model shows that networks grew from the actions of PHAs, their FFs and health systems. PHAs experienced considerable stress, which led them to develop information/help networks to cope with HIV/AIDS - both individually and collaboratively. Because of stigmatization, many PHAs disclosed their illness selectively, thus constraining the size and composition of their networks. Health system actors created network-building opportunities for PHAs by providing them with care, referrals and support programs. Originality/value - This study describes and explains an understudied type of information behavior: information/help network development at individual, group and institutional levels. As such, it illuminates the complex dynamics that made individual acts of interpersonal information acquisition and sharing possible.

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Abstract

The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally

Source

Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz

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Abstract

Thesauri are Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), that arise from the consensus of wide communities. They have been in use for many years and are regularly updated. Whereas in the past thesauri were designed for information professionals for indexing and searching, today there is a demand for conceptual vocabularies that enable inferencing by machines. The development of the Semantic Web has brought a new opportunity for thesauri, but thesauri also face the challenge of proving that they add value to it. The evolution of thesauri toward their integration with the Semantic Web is examined. Elements and structures in the thesaurus standard, ISO 25964, and SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), the Semantic Web standard for representing KOS, are reviewed and compared. Moreover, the integrity rules of thesauri are contrasted with the axioms of SKOS. How SKOS has been applied to represent some real thesauri is taken into account. Three thesauri are chosen for this aim: AGROVOC, EuroVoc and the UNESCO Thesaurus. Based on the results of this comparison and analysis, the benefits that Semantic Web technologies offer to thesauri, how thesauri can contribute to the Semantic Web, and the challenges that would help to improve their integration with the Semantic Web are discussed.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

As web users become more savvy and demanding, libraries are encouraging patrons to help keep library websites dynamically and collaboratively up-to-date. According to Engard, mashups - web applications that combine freely available data from various sources to create something new - can help libraries meet patrons' expectations and provide superior web-based service. In the book, Engard and 25 contributors present numerous practical and innovative examples.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 62(2009) H.4, S.83-85 (S. Breitling): "Jede/r Web-Nutzer/in ist einem Mashup schon einmal begegnet. Mashups sind Webapplikationen bzw. -seiten, die Daten und Funktionalität aus zwei oder mehr frei zugänglichen Quellen zu einem neuen Service auf einer eigenen Webseite kombinieren. Dieser Dienst bietet einen Mehrwert für die Nutzerinnen durch Zusammenführung und Verknüpfung von Informationen an einem zentralen Ort. Z.B. werden sehr häufig Karten in Standortangaben eingebunden, oder im Bibliothekskatalog werden Amazon-Buchcover oder ein Link auf Google Book Search angezeigt. Darüber hinaus gibt es jedoch eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, kreativ Mashups für den Bibliotheksbereich zu entwickeln, wie das vorliegende Werk "Library Mashups - exploring new ways to deliver library data" eindrucksvoll beweist. Nicole C. Engard, die als Open-Source-Botschafterin in der Bibliothekswelt für den Einsatz dieser Software-Palette als integrierte Bibliothekssysteme (Koha, Evergreen) wirbt, konnte als Herausgeberin so bekannte Personen gewinnen wie Tim Spalding, Gründer von LibraryThing, oder aus dem deutschsprachigen Bereich Wolfram Schneider, Entwickler des Z39.50-Dienstes ZACK.
In 6 Kapiteln mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten (Einführung, Mashups für Bibliotheks-Webseiten, Katalog-Mashups, Karten-, Foto- und Video-Mashups, Mehrwert für Nutzerinnen durch Mashups) werden verschiedene Projekte vorgestellt, die v.a. im anglo-amerikanischen Raum aber auch international entwickelt und umgesetzt wurden. Zur Sprache kommen u.a. die Einbindung der Nutzer-generierten Daten von Library-Thing, die kreative Nutzung von bekannten Plattformen wie Flickr oder del. icio.us für bibliothekarische Dienste, das Open-Source-Katalog-Discovery-Interface Blacklight und verschiedene Mashup-Tools wie z.B. Yahoo!Pipes. Vielen Referenzen und Websites, die Hilfestellung beim Einstieg in die Materie leisten können, ergänzen den Band. Wichtige Grundlagenbegriffe (API, SRU etc.) werden erklärt und anhand von Beispielen veranschaulicht. Screenshots illustrieren die vorgestellten Projekte. Sehr nützlich: Am Ende des Buches befindet sich ein Glossar zum Nachschlagen mit kurzen Erklärungen der wichtigsten Begriffe, und es wurde ein eigene Webseite eingerichtet, auf denen sämtliche im Buch angegebene Links und weitere Informationen zu finden sind (mashups.web2learning.net). Bibliothekskataloge haben mit das größte Potential, in Mashups verwendet zu werden, sowohl was die Anreicherung mit externen Daten als auch die Datenlieferung an andere Anwendungen betrifft. An mehreren Stellen im Buch wird deutlich, wie wichtig die Zugänglichkeit bzw. Offenheit der Daten für die Verbreitung und Weiterentwicklung im Web ist und wie Bibliotheken damit (auch im Zeitalter von Google) relevant bleiben. Hier muss aber angesichts der meist in proprietären Systemen "gefangenen" bibliographischen Daten (Stichwort Datensilo) sowohl von Seiten der Bibliotheken als auch von Seiten der Hersteller von integrierten Bibliothekssystemen noch stark in Richtung Open Data umgedacht werden (diese Forderung findet sich auch in Fachdiskussionen über die Zukunft der Bibliotheken und Kataloge wieder).
Es gibt zwar einige Literatur zum Thema Web 2.0 und Bibliotheken, in denen Mashups angesprochen werden, aber bisher kein ganzes Buch, das sich ausschließlich und in diesem Umfang dem Thema widmet. Vor allem in seiner speziell auf Bibliotheken zugeschnittenen umfassenden Darstellung von Mashups ist das Werk einzigartig. Auch Risiken von Mashups werden erwähnt (u.a. Wegfall der Verfügbarkeit der externen Datenquelle oder Überfrachtung der Website ohne Rücksicht auf Nutzerinteressen), aber mögliche rechtliche Aspekte (Nutzungsrechte, Datensicherheit o.ä.) werden kaum berücksichtigt. Mit seinen Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitungen macht das Buch jedenfalls auch bisher technisch weniger versierten Bibliothekarinnen Mut, sich an Web-Anwendungen wie Mashups heranzuwagen. Die Beiträge variieren in ihrer Komplexität und auch die Bandbreite der Mashup-Erstellung reicht vom einfachen Copy-and-paste von ein paar Zeilen Code bis zur komplexeren Web-Architektur, aber prinzipiell sind technisches Grundverständnis und Basiskenntnisse von Programmieroder Auszeichnungssprachen und Web-Technologie sehr von Nutzen beim Verständnis der Mashup-Konzepte. All diejenigen (ob mit oder ohne Programmierkenntnisse), die sich einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten von Mashups für Bibliotheken verschaffen wollen, werden von diesem Werk sicher profitieren und sich inspirieren lassen. Und die Web-Präsenz von Bibliotheken wird durch Mashups zeitgemäßer und dynamischer werden, was die Attraktivität im Vergleich zu statischen Webseiten wesentlich erhöht und den veränderten Nutzererwartungen gerecht wird."

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Abstract

Large hypertext systems have been many benefits but can be difficult to build and use. To help overcome these obstacles, a method under development at Hewlett-Packard assists authors in creating usable hypertext. A Wizard of Oz experiment, to see what users liked and disliked, showed the need for a set of hypertext construction rules to ensure usability. Following these rules, and with computer assistance, authors are expected to do a tasks analysis of users' activities, to identify critical objects and create content nodes for them, to create links between nodes within clearly defined and cognitively justified limits, and to conduct usability tests on the resulting hypertext volume. The authoring system described has been developed for the HP help system, which has been adopted as the common help delivery system for developers of Common Open Systems Environment on Unix-like platforms

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Abstract

Reports results of a survey of the online searching techniques of 50 university students, undergraduate and graduate, using the OPAC and CD-ROM databases at the Hayden Library, Arizona State University. The type of searching, use of library staff and online help screens, exposure to library user training, and length of time at the terminal for citation versus abstract products were recorded and analyzed. Results indicate that: a balance of online help products and library staff interaction is needed when providing help for users; careful attention needs to be paid to increasing the number of terminals and connections as abstracts are added to the databases being offered on the networks; and that even with exposure to more advanced searching techniques, users till rely on simple subject searching to locate required materials

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Abstract

Many computer applications require the increased performance of a multiple windows terminal. Compares and contrasts options to help information systems managers choose a multiple windows capability

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Abstract

Examines whether there are ethical issues in cataloguing and describes ethical cataloguing. Considers whether cataloguers act ethically and considers options open to cataloguers to help ensure that they work ethically

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Abstract

The paper describes the knowledge elicitation and knowledge representation aspects of a system being developed to help with the desing and maintenance of relational databases

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Abstract

Reviews the progress of Bookbank, the CD-ROM version of Whitaker's Books in Print, from the viewpoint of the experience gained by the Help Desk.

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