Search (13392 results, page 2 of 670)

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Abstract

Whereas up to now document analysis was mainly concerned with the handling of formal properties of documents (scanning, editing), AI (artificial intelligence) techniques in the field of Natural Language Processing have shown the possibility of "Content based text handling", i.e., a content analysis for textual documents. Research and development in this field at The Siemens Corporate Research Laboratories are described in this article.

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Abstract

Describes the EDUCATE (End User Courses in Information Access through Communication Technology) project for end user education in information access, retrieval and handling, a 3 year CEC Libraries Programme Project started in Feb 94. Examines the need for education and training in information retrieval and handling, presents the course design, and gives the goals for the project. Discusses the use of networks in connection with EDUCATE, and the tools and interfaces used. Describes the ways in which the program can be used for a variety of users

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Abstract

Abstracts enable users to judge the relevance of articles, provide a summary and may be a substitute for the original document. Defines abstracts and considers who they are written be according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and other sources. Distinguishes between indicative and informative abstracts. Informative abstracts are preferred by ANSI and ERIC. Discusses the content and procedures for abstracting, writing style, tests of quality and readability and informativeness. Presents statistics analyzing abstracts from 3 general interest databases and on abstract length and type

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Abstract

Describes the information explosion and poses the question of whether the explosion is driving an equal and opposite information implosion. Uses 4 criteria to judge whether available information has become better or worse: cost, ease or difficulty of access; variety of sources; and clarity. Concludes that none of these have improved over the last generation

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Abstract

Präsentation folgender Gestaltungsprinzipien: (1) Help the user develop an understanding of the operation of the interface and the search process; (2) Provide information to help users judge the value of continuing a search path; (3) Assist the user in refining the search query or search topic; (4) Provide verbal labels suggestive of meaning

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Abstract

In the information age marked by the global highways and instant information handling sharing worldwide, all citizens must become knowledgeable about, and efficient in, handling information. People need training in how to organize, evaluate, and analyze the enormous array of information now available in both print and electronic formats. Information skills need to be taught and developed on all levels from elementary schools thorugh universities. Librarians worldwide are uniquely qualified through education, training, and experience to provide people with necessary information-handling skills on all levels. Using available data regarding information literacy programs on the international level, Rader proposes a course of action for the next decade

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Abstract

The Semantic Web has attracted much attention, both from academia and industry. An important role in research towards the Semantic Web is played by formalisms and technologies for handling uncertainty and/or vagueness. In this paper, I first provide some motivating examples for handling uncertainty and/or vagueness in the Semantic Web. I then give an overview of some own formalisms for handling uncertainty and/or vagueness in the Semantic Web.

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Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Natural language variations and their handling in information retrieval languages

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Abstract

Novel ideas often experience resistance from incumbent forces. While evidence of the bias against novelty has been widely identified in science, there is still a lack of large-scale quantitative work to study this problem occurring in the prepublication process of manuscripts. This paper examines the association between manuscript novelty and handling time of publication based on 778,345 articles in 1,159 journals indexed by PubMed. Measuring the novelty as the extent to which manuscripts disrupt existing knowledge, we found systematic evidence that higher novelty is associated with longer handling time. Matching and fixed-effect models were adopted to confirm the statistical significance of this pattern. Moreover, submissions from prestigious authors and institutions have the advantage of shorter handling time, but this advantage is diminishing as manuscript novelty increases. In addition, we found longer handling time is negatively related to the impact of manuscripts, while the relationships between novelty and 3- and 5-year citations are U-shape. This study expands the existing knowledge of the novelty bias by examining its existence in the prepublication process of manuscripts.

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Abstract

Reports on the 2 year trail period of the document delivery system ADONIS, made for the pharmaceutical industry. A market survey reports the needs of the pharmaceutical industry for such a product. Its success as a CD-ROM product depends on rapid conversion from paper in less than 3 weeks and special compression techniques to limit the number of CD-ROMs produced. Discusses handling of source material, the production software, errata handling and the hardware. Considers current developments, the benefits of using ADONIS generally and those for the publishers

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Abstract

Business process re-engineering (or redesign) has achieved mixed results in business and industry but it offers an approach to thinking about the future of academic libraries in the digital age that is worth considering. This paper outlines the forces that are currently affecting academic libraries in the UK and proposes a strategy whereby the transformation from the handling of artefacts to the handling of electronic sources may be effected with maximum benefit to the information user.

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Abstract

State of the art review of computerized chemical structure handling and the way in which the need for representation of chemical structures and structure diagrams, by computer software, has created a sub domain of information retrieval that integrates the requirements of research chemists for graph-theoretic algorithms with the database designs of computer science. Identifies and discusses the current research topics and selected portions of the literature, particularly during the period of its most rapid expansion between 1989 and 1996

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Abstract

Purpose - Seeks to share with digital library practitioners the development process of an online image collection that integrates the syndetic structure of a controlled vocabulary to improve end-user search and browse functionality. Design/methodology/approach - Surveys controlled vocabulary structures and their utility for catalogers and end-users. Reviews research literature and usability findings that informed the specifications for integration of the controlled vocabulary structure into search and browse functionality. Discusses database functions facilitating query expansion using a controlled vocabulary structure, and web application handling of user queries and results display. Concludes with a discussion of open-source alternatives and reuse of database and application components in other environments. Findings - Affirms that structured forms of browse and search can be successfully integrated into digital collections to significantly improve the user's discovery experience. Establishes ways in which the technologies used in implementing enhanced search and browse functionality can be abstracted to work in other digital collection environments. Originality/value - Significant amounts of research on integrating thesauri structures into search and browse functionalities exist, but examples of online resources that have implemented this approach are few in comparison. The online image collection surveyed in this paper can serve as a model to other designers of digital library resources for integrating controlled vocabularies and metadata structures into more dynamic search and browse functionality for end-users.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

The Initiative for the Evaluation of XML retrieval (INEX) provides a TREC-like platform for evaluating content-oriented XML retrieval systems. Since 2007, INEX has been using a set of precision-recall based metrics for its ad hoc tasks. The authors investigate the reliability and robustness of these focused retrieval measures, and of the INEX pooling method. They explore four specific questions: How reliable are the metrics when assessments are incomplete, or when query sets are small? What is the minimum pool/query-set size that can be used to reliably evaluate systems? Can the INEX collections be used to fairly evaluate "new" systems that did not participate in the pooling process? And, for a fixed amount of assessment effort, would this effort be better spent in thoroughly judging a few queries, or in judging many queries relatively superficially? The authors' findings validate properties of precision-recall-based metrics observed in document retrieval settings. Early precision measures are found to be more error-prone and less stable under incomplete judgments and small topic-set sizes. They also find that system rankings remain largely unaffected even when assessment effort is substantially (but systematically) reduced, and confirm that the INEX collections remain usable when evaluating nonparticipating systems. Finally, they observe that for a fixed amount of effort, judging shallow pools for many queries is better than judging deep pools for a smaller set of queries. However, when judging only a random sample of a pool, it is better to completely judge fewer topics than to partially judge many topics. This result confirms the effectiveness of pooling methods.

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Abstract

The need for criteria by which to judge the adequacy of an abstract is felt most strongly when evaluating machine-produced abstracts. In order to develop a set of criteria, a survey was conducted of the instructions prepared by various scientific publications as a guide to their abstracters in the preparation of copy. One-hundred-and-thirty sets of instructions were analyzed and compared as to their function, content, and form. It was concluded that, while differences in subject matter do not necessarily require different kinds of abstracts, there are significant variations between the informative and the indicative abstract. A set of criteria for the writing of an acceptable abstract of science literature was derived. The adequacy of these criteria is still to be validated, and the athors' plans for fututre research in this area are specified