Search (1398 results, page 7 of 70)

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Abstract

From the very beginnings of library automation, subject authority control has been considered an important bibliographic tool in the Czech National Library (CNL). Effective subject access cannot exist without standardised access points. Subject authorities are considered an indispensable reference tool in supporting the selection of subject access points and normalizing content indexing. Most importantly, they are heavily relied upon when it comes to customisation of links between bibliographic records and subject access points in order to create a user-friendly subject browsing and searching environment. Because of the fact that the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is widely used in Czech Libraries it has become a readily available language independent subject framework which can be complemented by a more user-friendly subject heading system. In this context, the subject authority control offers a means of enhancing subject headings' access points with terminology and the semantic links available in UDC. Furthermore classification is used to enrich relationships between authority records themselves. The author will discuss in more detail the different aspects and advantages of subject authorities in which a classification and a subject heading system complement one another and the way this is implemented in the CNL.

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Abstract

To organize information, librarians create structures. These structures grow from a logic that goes back at least as far as Aristotle. It is the basis of classification as we practice it, and thesauri and subject headings have developed from it. Feminist critiques of logic suggest that logic is gendered in nature. This article will explore how these critiques play out in contemporary standards for the organization of information. Our widely used classification schemes embody principles such as hierarchical force that conform to traditional/Aristotelian logic. Our subject heading strings follow a linear path of subdivision. Our thesauri break down subjects into discrete concepts. In thesauri and subject heading lists we privilege hierarchical relationships, reflected in the syndetic structure of broader and narrower terms, over all other relationships. Are our classificatory and syndetic structures gendered? Are there other options? Carol Gilligan's In a Different Voice (1982), Women's Ways of Knowing (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986), and more recent related research suggest a different type of structure for women's knowledge grounded in "connected knowing." This article explores current and potential elements of connected knowing in subject access with a focus on the relationships, both paradigmatic and syntagmatic, between concepts.

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Abstract

The OCLC Authority File is one of the most underused and underrated yet most powerful tool for answering reference questions. It provides the benefits of no cost searching, access to a wealth of biographical and geographical information online, increased staff productivity by reducing research time, multiple cross reference access points, and documenting sources used to verify the information. The flexible searching protocol and the consolidation in one record of both the authorized and all variant forms for personal, corporate, and geographical names, subject headings, and uniform titles (created by the Library of Congress and the National Coordinated Cataloguing Operations (NACO)) mean that searchers need know only one of the forms to retrieve the established heading

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Abstract

There are many problems with subject access in online catalogues. One of the major problems is information overload. One kind of this occurs when the display consists of a lengthy segment of the subject index in which a single subject heading is followed by a bewildering array of subdivisons, qualifications and phrases. This problem can be alleviated by presenting the subject index in a summary form that the user can expand to provide more detail as appropriate. Such an approach could be realized within the context of a direct manipulation style of user interface. In particular, a manner of displaying information called 'fisheye views' could be applied to the subject index display

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Abstract

The ILSA prototype was developed using an object-oriented multimedia user interfcae on six NeXT workstations with two databases: the first with 100.000 MARC records and the second with 20.000 additional records enhanced with table of contents data. The items are grouped into subject clusters consisting of the classification number and the first subject heading assigned. Every other distinct keyword in the MARC record is linked to the subject cluster in an automated natural language mapping scheme, which leads the user from the term entered to the controlled vocabulary of the subject clusters in which the term appeared. The use of a hierarchical classification number (Dewey) makes it possible to broaden or narrow a search at will

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Abstract

Discusses the origins of the concept of main entry and of confusion about what is meant by the term: a card in the catalogue, or a line above the the description serving as an access point. Examines the drawbacks of dual meaning: the full bibliographic record headed by the name of the author; and the author heading itself. Calls for change in the transfer to the electronic catalogue of terminology that was only descriptive and meaningful in the card catalogue. Proposes, in answer to the question of how the role of the entry can be transformed into uniform, collocative author-name access in the MARC record, that the 100/110 main entry MARC field be transformed into the primary field for the creator's authorized personal or corporate name

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Abstract

Discusses the need for facilities for online vocabulary control and standardization of terms, codes, etc., so as to secure consistency in naming of subjects, objects, countries, languages, etc., in databases at data entry stage. Most information storage and retrieval packages for microcomputers including MicroIsis provide for online vocabulary control in formulating search expressions for information retrieval, but not at the data entry stage. VOCON.PAS is a Pascal interface program for use with MicroIsis software for (a) online selection of term(s) and/or code(s) from vocabulary control tool, such as, thesaurus, subject heading list, classification scheme, nomenclature list(s)

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Abstract

A movement for a subject heading code to standardize LCSH and their usage gained considerable attention in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Examines the reasons for the lack of progress in this project, which include: the lack of any plan from the LoC which could serve as a philosophical foundation for either a subject access system or the changes made to it; the belief that online catalogues make a controlled subject vocabulary obsolete; and professional ignorance, apathy, and negativism. Warns that, in an increasingly complex age, lack of standardization of any technical system or process tends to lead to the demise of that system or process

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Abstract

Defines the subject scope of ASSIA and the key areas covered and describes the principles for material selection, the service structure, indexing techniques, and future development. ASSIA differs structurally from the majority of other abstracting services in that the various entries are not numbered, and hence a single alphabetical sequence is possible combining bibliographical citations under the main subject headings, cross references, and related headings. This facilitates the publication of a 1-sequence annual volume, enabling the user to locate all the material under a given subject heading, which appeared in the 6 bimonthly issues.

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Abstract

At Indiana, we are currentlxy investigating several aspects of electronic document usage that relate to the organization of information in digital environments. This work is collectively referred to under the heading: the perception of ahpe in information. The aim of this research is to identify aspects of presentation that affords users with a sense of location and order in electronic space, and to transfer these findings to developers of digital library applications. As well as empirical research, SLIS is involved in the development of a number of practical projects involving the campus libraries utilising sociotechnical approaches to design, but it is the research component of our efforts that will be emphasized here

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Abstract

Research shows that 65-80% of subject search terms fail to match the appropriate subject heading and one third to one half of subject searches result in no references being retrieved. Examines the subject search terms geberated by 82 school and college students in Princeton, NJ, evaluated the match between the named terms and the expected subject headings, proposes an explanation for match failures in relation to 3 invariant properties common to all search terms: concreteness, complexity, and syndeticity. Suggests that match failure is a consequence of developmental naming patterns and that these patterns can be overcome through the use of metacognitive naming skills

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Abstract

Subject cataloguing is essential for retrieval of materials from library collections. One third of the collections in Pakistani libraries are in Urdu and other local languages. Most deal with Oriental topics. Subject heading lists, available in English speaking countries, lack suitable headings for Oriental subjects. A comprehensive list of subject headings compiled for Pakistani books written in Arabic scripts is badly needed and should be compiled. Reviews the efforts which have been made so far in this field and compares Oriental and Pakistani subject headings and other facilities in various English and Urdu lists

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Abstract

United States libraries use classification to provide subject browsing in open stacks. The DDC used by 85% of American libraries, is a theoretical, universal attempt to organize all knowledge. The LCC lacks intellectual consistency since it was based upon library warrant to organize materials in one collection. Many academic libraries use LCC because the Library of Congress' shared bibliographic records with the LCC call numbers reflect the collecting interests of academic libraries. LCC is more hospitable to change than DDC whoese phoenix schedules have encountered resistance throughout the world. Classification currently receives less attention than subject headings since United States librarians place great hope in the computer to resolve subject heading problems while remaining conservative about classification

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Abstract

Browse searching of online catalogs and electronic indexes is a popular means of retrieving information, but some subject heading lists are so extensive that browsing them can be difficult and time-consuming. This resaerch tested one way of presenting a browse interface to reduce the amount of scanning of subject headings required. It found that a hierarchical presentation of headings reduced the amount of scanning required by more than 50% without any reduction in the effectiveness of the search. Better browsable displays of this sort can improve the efficiency of searching but appear not to alter effectivenenss

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Abstract

Surveys the status of catalguing practice in university libraries in 3 Asian developing countries, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Saudia Arabia. Examines the extent of the usage of international cataloguing tools such as cataloguing codes (AACR, ISBD), classification schemes (DDC, LCC) and subject heading lists (Sears, LCSH). Results indicate that there is an overall uniformity in the use of such tools, with a trend towards automation of cataloguing services with more access points for catalogue searching. Online catalogues are also replacing all traditional catalogue forms (card, printed, and microform). Findings show that, in using information technology in technical services, Malaysian university libraries are more advanced than those of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Contrasts the practice of 'classified' indexing (i.e. the arrangement of headings into a limited number of hierarchies) with 'specific' indexing (i.e. direct entry under the term chosen for the heading). Defines and gives examples of both practices and considers their application to law book indexing. There is a long tradition of compiling and publishing classified indexes in law books. Argues, however, that specific indexes are a far more effective finding aid and that readers wishing to make a 'classified' type of approach to a law book can usually do so by consulting the contents list or lists

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Abstract

Many kinds of structure can be discerned in the headings and rules governing the Library of Congress Subject Headings. By addressing these structures at different levels, librarians can develop different approaches to the machine-assisted validation of subject headings, from the checking of individual words to the validation of complex forms of heading/subdivision compatibility. Using computer programs to assist with maintenance of subject headings is becoming increasingly necessary as technical services librarians strive to create consistent and useful patterns of subject collocation in library catalogs

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Abstract

This chapter describes the expression of relationships in a traditional library subject heading system, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Following an introductory section an the history and scope of LCSH, information is presented an its reference structure, documentation, and notation. The development and current use of references to express equivalence, hierarchical, and associative relationships are discussed. Other relational devices, such as scope notes and Library of Congress Classification numbers, are also covered. Changes to improve the reference structure of LCSH and facilitate its use in online catalogs are reviewed.