Search (1261 results, page 3 of 64)

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Abstract

Explains how the Intranet (in effect an Internet limited to the computer systems of a single organization) developed out of the Internet, and what its uses and advantages are. Focuses on the Intranet developed in the Glaxo Wellcome organization. Briefly discusses a number of technologies in development, e.g. Java, Real audio, 3D and VRML, and summarizes the issues involved in the successful development of the Intranet, that is, bandwidth, searching tools, security, and legal issues

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Abstract

Gives an overview of Web information system development. Discusses some basic concepts and technologies such as HTML, HTML FORM, CGI and Java, which are associated with developing WWW information systems. Further discusses the design and implementation of Virtual Travel Mart, a Web based end user oriented travel information system. Finally, addresses some issues in developing WWW information systems

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Abstract

Ameritech Library Services has released Dynix WebPac on NT, which provides access to a Dynix catalogue from any Java compatible Web browser. Users can place holds, cancel and postpone holds, view and renew items on loan and sort and limit search results from the Web. Describes some of the other features of Dynix WebPac

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Abstract

OCLC has announced that 6 library systems have completed field tests of the OCLC SiteSearch 4.0 suite of software, paving its way for release. Traces the beta site testing programme from its beginning in November 1997 and notes that OCLC SiteServer components have been written in Java programming language which will increase libraries' ability to extend the functionality of the SiteSearch software to create new features specific to local needs

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Abstract

Demonstrates a new method of providing networked computer assisted learning to avoid the pitfalls of traditional methods. This was achieved using Web pages enhanced with Java applets, MPEG video clips and Dynamic HTML

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Object

Java

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Content

"Fünf Jahre nach seiner Gründung ist Google zum Herz des weltweiten Computernetzes geworden. Mit seiner Konzentration aufs Wesentliche hat die Suchmaschine alle anderen Anbieter weit zurück gelassen. Aber Google kann viel mehr, als im Web nach Texten und Bildern zu suchen. Gesammelt und aufbereitet werden auch Beiträge in Diskussionsforen (Newsgroups), aktuelle Nachrichten und andere im Netz verfügbare Informationen. Wer sich beim "Googeln" darauf beschränkt, ein einziges Wort in das Suchformular einzutippen und dann die ersten von oft mehreren hunderttausend Treffern anzuschauen, nutzt nur einen winzigen Bruchteil der Möglichkeiten. Wie man Google bis zum letzten ausreizt, haben Tara Calishain und Rael Dornfest in einem bislang nur auf Englisch veröffentlichten Buch dargestellt (Tara Calishain/Rael Dornfest: Google Hacks", www.oreilly.de, 28 Euro. Die wichtigsten Praxistipps kosten als Google Pocket Guide 12 Euro). - Suchen mit bis zu zehn Wörtern - Ihre "100 Google Hacks" beginnen mit Google-Strategien wie der Kombination mehrerer Suchbegriffe und enden mit der Aufforderung zur eigenen Nutzung der Google API ("Application Programming Interface"). Diese Schnittstelle kann zur Entwicklung von eigenen Programmen eingesetzt werden,,die auf die Google-Datenbank mit ihren mehr als drei Milliarden Einträgen zugreifen. Ein bewussteres Suchen im Internet beginnt mit der Kombination mehrerer Suchbegriffe - bis zu zehn Wörter können in das Formularfeld eingetippt werden, welche Google mit dem lo-gischen Ausdruck "und" verknüpft. Diese Standardvorgabe kann mit einem dazwischen eingefügten "or" zu einer Oder-Verknüpfung geändert werden. Soll ein bestimmter Begriff nicht auftauchen, wird ein Minuszeichen davor gesetzt. Auf diese Weise können bei einer Suche etwa alle Treffer ausgefiltert werden, die vom Online-Buchhändler Amazon kommen. Weiter gehende Syntax-Anweisungen helfen ebenfalls dabei, die Suche gezielt einzugrenzen: Die vorangestellte Anweisung "intitle:" etwa (ohne Anführungszeichen einzugeben) beschränkt die Suche auf all diejenigen Web-Seiten, die den direkt danach folgenden Begriff in ihrem Titel aufführen. Die Computer von Google bewältigen täglich mehr als 200 Millionen Anfragen. Die Antworten kommen aus einer Datenbank, die mehr als drei Milliarden Einträge enthält und regelmäßig aktualisiert wird. Dazu Werden SoftwareRoboter eingesetzt, so genannte "Search-Bots", die sich die Hyperlinks auf Web-Seiten entlang hangeln und für jedes Web-Dokument einen Index zur Volltextsuche anlegen. Die Einnahmen des 1998 von Larry Page und Sergey Brin gegründeten Unternehmens stammen zumeist von Internet-Portalen, welche die GoogleSuchtechnik für ihre eigenen Dienste übernehmen. Eine zwei Einnahmequelle ist die Werbung von Unternehmen, die für eine optisch hervorgehobene Platzierung in den GoogleTrefferlisten zahlen. Das Unternehmen mit Sitz im kalifornischen Mountain View beschäftigt rund 800 Mitarbeiter. Der Name Google leitet sich ab von dem Kunstwort "Googol", mit dem der amerikanische Mathematiker Edward Kasner die unvorstellbar große Zahl 10 hoch 100 (eine 1 mit hundert Nullen) bezeichnet hat. Kommerzielle Internet-Anbieter sind sehr, daran interessiert, auf den vordersten Plätzen einer Google-Trefferliste zu erscheinen.
Da Google im Unterschied zu Yahoo oder Lycos nie ein auf möglichst viele Besuche angelegtes Internet-Portal werden wollte, ist die Suche in der Datenbank auch außerhalb der Google-Web-Site möglich. Dafür gibt es zunächst die "Google Toolbar" für den Internet Explorer, mit der dieser Browser eine eigene Leiste, für die Google-Suche erhält. Freie Entwickler bieten im Internet eine eigene Umsetzung: dieses Werkzeugs auch für den Netscape/ Mozilla-Browser an. Daneben kann ein GoogleSucheingabefeld aber auch auf die eigene WebSeite platziert werden - dazu sind nur vier Zei-len HTML-Code nötig. Eine Google-Suche zu starten, ist übrigens auch ganz ohne Browser möglich. Dazu hat das Unternehmen im Aprilvergangenen Jahres die API ("Application Programming Interface") frei gegeben, die in eigene Programme' eingebaut wird. So kann man etwa eine Google-Suche mit einer E-Mail starten: Die Suchbegriffe werden in die Betreff Zeile einer ansonsten leeren EMail eingetragen, die an die Adresse google@capeclear.com geschickt wird. Kurz danach trifft eine automatische Antwort-Mail mit den ersten zehn Treffern ein. Die entsprechenden Kenntnisse vorausgesetzt, können Google-Abfragen auch in Web-Services eingebaut werden - das sind Programme, die Daten aus dem Internet verarbeiten. Als Programmiertechniken kommen dafür Perl, PHP, Python oder Java in Frage. Calishain und Dornfest stellen sogar eine Reihe von abgedrehten Sites vor, die solche Programme für abstrakte Gedichte oder andere Kunstwerke einsetzen."

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Abstract

If we are to learn about the impact of computers and networks on society, it will be necessary to address issues from broad cultural-historical perspectives, such as has been done for print culture by those in the 'histoire du livre' tradition. There are paradoxes faced by users of the Internet that have direct implications on their conceptions of the organization of knowledge. Perceptions of knowledge structures may play roles in searching habits or in deciding about he overall appropriateness of a Net search. The Net has been compared to a world brain and is here placed in the context of an early conception of a world brain

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Abstract

The paper examines studies on the difficulties in understanding photographs from a cross-cultural perspective. These difficulties range from the complete failure to recognize a photograph as a representation of objects to the inability to recognize the spatial layout of the object represented. 2 kinds of explanations are offered: observer-specific and medium-specific. It is argued that photography produces pictures in a fairly rough 'precultural' state that often sharply contradicts indigenous experiences of seeing and depicting. Adopting the theoretical framework of conventionalism developed by Marx Wartofsky (1980) and others, the paper emphasizes and illustrates the cultural embedding of 'visual practice'. Following a discussion of other recent related empirical findings, the need is stressed for more detailed and systematic research on the interrelations between culture-specific pictorial traditions and corresponding viewing habits

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Abstract

The Chemistry Online Retrieval Experiment (CORE), a 5 year research and development project, was one of the earliest attempts to make a substantial volume of the text and graphics from previously published scholarly periodicals available to end users in electronic form, across a computer network. Since the CORE Project dealt with materials that had already gone through traditional print publication, its emphasis was on the process and limitations of conversion and the use of the converted contents for readers. Reports results of a survey of users of the CORE system, initially at Cornell University, Chemistry Department and later throughout the campus. User data was collected using: detailed transaction logs, online questionnaires, online comments, interviews, and anecdotes. Typically, usage was found to be top heavy, with the top 35% of users accounting for 80% of usage and the top 20% of users accounting for 64,8% of total system use. Presents further results of the study in terms of: article viewing, printing, reading habits, searching, conversion issues, and article consumption issues

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Abstract

Reports results of a questionnaire survey of professional and managerial staff of the very large campus of the Western Ontario University to examine their work related information needs. The 3 objectives of the study were to: examine, in general, the information seeking habits of the staff; explore what role (if any) the campus library played in meeting the information needs of this group; and test the critical incident technique as a methododlogy for gaining a more detailed understanding of the interrelationships between the nature of professional and administrative work within the university setting and the information needs that arise from such work. Through personal contacts, the Internet, and departmental sources, professional staff are able to readily satisfy readily many of their daily and short term work related information needs with minimal use of the library. However, because their jobs are multifaceted and complex, these staff members frequently are engaged in longer term activities (such as project development, report writing) requiring more intensive library use, which often is perceived to be frustrating and time consuming. Discusses the implications of these findings for academic libraries generally

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Abstract

This paper desctibes a study of undergraduate student search behavlour, examines the results through the lens of various disciplines, and provides now insights that will increase our understanding and facilitate the development of mom effetive instructional programmes Perspectives and research results drawn from multiple disciplines are used to explore the role of mental modele, reference groups and habits, and IntelIectual development in the search behaviour demonstrated by the undergraduate students. During interviews conducted as part of the study, many students were able to articulate the importance of source evaluation and describe electronically-appropriate methods for assessing the authority and reliability of Weh based information resources. In practice, however, these students frequently abandoned source evaluation altogether and, following the path of Ieast resistance, relied exclusively on basic Google searching, This approach both compromiscd the quality of their search results and contributed to frustration with the research process. This may not be extraordinarily unusual behaviour, but it is cause for considerable concern among Information literacy programme planners and Instructors. Discussion of the study results and related research is followed by pragmatic suggestions for modifylng ineffective search behaviour through emhanced instructional programmes

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Abstract

Summarizes findings of an international study on information-seeking habits and preferences: With extensive input from hundreds of librarians and OCLC staff, the OCLC Market Research team developed a project and commissioned Harris Interactive Inc. to survey a representative sample of information consumers. In June of 2005, we collected over 3,300 responses from information consumers in Australia, Canada, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Perceptions report provides the findings and responses from the online survey in an effort to learn more about: * Library use * Awareness and use of library electronic resources * Free vs. for-fee information * The "Library" brand The findings indicate that information consumers view libraries as places to borrow print books, but they are unaware of the rich electronic content they can access through libraries. Even though information consumers make limited use of these resources, they continue to trust libraries as reliable sources of information.

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Abstract

Drawing upon existing research and previous attempts at modeling the information-seeking behavior of specific professional groups, this article posits an original model of information seeking that is applicable to all professionals. The model was developed through a careful analysis and interpretation of empirical studies on the information habits and practices of three groups: engineers, health care professionals, and lawyers. The general model and its six major components are presented in detail. These six components are (1) work roles, (2) associated tasks, and (3) characteristics of information needs and three factors affecting information seeking: (4) awareness, (5) sources, and (6) outcomes. In turn, each component contains a number of variables that are described with examples from the literature. The complexity of the information-seeking process is conceptualized in terms of the interaction and simultaneous occurrence of the model's components and variables, including a feedback mechanism. The article concludes with suggestions as to the potential usefulness of the model.

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Abstract

This study focuses on the ways in which people define their source preferences in the context of seeking orienting information for nonwork purposes. The conceptual framework of the study combines ideas drawn from social phenomenology and information-seeking studies. The study utilizes Alfred Schutz's model describing the ways in which actors structure everyday knowledge into regions of decreasing relevance. It is assumed that this structuring based on the actor's interest at hand is also reflected in the ways in which an actor prefers information sources and channels. The concept of information source horizon is used to elicit articulations of source preferences. The empirical part of the study draws on interviews with 20 individuals active in environmental issues. Printed media (newspapers), the Internet, and broadcast media (radio, television) were preferred in seeking for orienting information. The major source preferences were content of information, and availability and accessibility. Usability of information sources, user characteristics such as media habits, and situational factors were mentioned less frequently as preference criteria.

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Abstract

This article reports on the development of a novel method for the analysis of Web logs. The method uses techniques that look for similarities between queries and identify sequences of query transformation. It allows sequences of query transformations to be represented as graphical networks, thereby giving a richer view of search behavior than is possible with the usual sequential descriptions. We also perform a basic analysis to study the correlations between observed transformation codes, with results that appear to show evidence of behavior habits. The method was developed using transaction logs from the Excite search engine to provide a tool for an ongoing research project that is endeavoring to develop a greater understanding of Web-based searching by the general public.

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Abstract

Individuals can increasingly collect data about their habits, routines, and environment using ubiquitous technologies. Running specialized software, personal devices such as phones and tablets can capture and transmit users' location, images, motion, and text input. The data collected by these devices are both personal (identifying of an individual) and participatory (accessible by that individual for aggregation, analysis, and sharing). Such participatory personal data provide a new area of inquiry for the information sciences. This article presents a review of literature from diverse fields, including information science, technology studies, surveillance studies, and participatory research traditions to explore how participatory personal data relate to existing personal data collections created by both research and surveillance. It applies three information perspectives-information policy, information access and equity, and data curation and preservation-to illustrate social impacts and concerns engendered by this new form of data collection. These perspectives suggest a set of research challenges for information science posed by participatory personal data.

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Abstract

The microblogging platform, Twitter, has been an extremely valuable tool for politicians in sharing information, fostering broader communication to constituents, and promoting their political stances. This article follows up on previous research from 2009 on this subject. We reexamined tweets from the US Congress collected in early 2017. We found Congressional tweeting habits and content have changed very little in the last 8 years. Overall, they tended to use Twitter to pass along political information and links in addition to reporting on official and unofficial activities and meetings. We discuss future spaces for research that go beyond content analysis into issues of motivation, communication, and impact.

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Abstract

The popular outdoor pursuit of backpacking is profoundly changing as the community embraces contemporary information technologies. However, there is little empirical evidence on the adoption and use of consumer electronics by backpackers, nor the implications this has for their habits, practices, and interactions. We investigate long-distance backpackers' articulations with mobile information technology during the TGO Challenge, a coast-to-coast crossing of the Scottish Highlands. By employing mixed methods, we explore how and why backpackers use such technology when planning and undertaking their journeys via a survey (n = 116), pre- and post-challenge interviews with selected TGO participants, and daily in-field video-logs. Our results suggest many advantages to using technology in this context, including fluidity of communications and access, while noting that reliance on technology is leading to issues such as increased need for battery power management, and deskilling. The findings highlight implications for the juxtaposition between outdoor recreation, information behavior, and human computer interaction (HCI) and suggest future work in this area.

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Abstract

Discusses the development of Campus Wide Information Systems with reference to the work of Leuven University Library. A 4th phase can now be distinguished in the evolution of CWISs as they evolve towards Intranets. WWW technology is applied to organise a consistent interface to different types of information, databases and services within an institution. WWW servers now exist via which queries and query results are translated from the Web environment to the specific database query language and vice versa. The integration of Java will enable programs to be executed from within the Web environment. Describes each phase of CWIS development at KU Leuven