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  1. Studwell, W.E.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Australia, New Zealand and selected world islands : some proposed additions (1985) 0.09 
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  2. Studwell, W.E.; Rast, E.; Felmlee, C.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Africa : some proposed additions (1984) 0.09 
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  3. Ranganathan, S.R.: Subject headings and facet analysis (1964) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    After establishing the terminology, shows how the choice of the name of the subject of a document and the rendering of the name in the heading of the specific subject entry can be got by facet analysis based on postulates and principles. After showing that subject headings constitute an artificial language, points out that using facet analysis for subject heading does not amount to using class number. Marks out the area for an objective statistical survey of sought heading for subject entry. Calls on Council for Library Resources Incorporated to provide for this project
  4. USMARC format for authority data : including guidelines for content designation (1993) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Includes changes to all examples throughout the publication, as approved by MARBI in January 1993. Makes obsolete the second indicator position (non-filing characters) in all of the heading fields except the 130, which is uniform titles. Also new to this edition: definition of 18X heading fields for general, geographic and chronological subdivision headings, plus related 48X and 58X fields... 7XX fields for heading-linking entries... and the control field 003, named the 'control number identifier.' Also eliminates the national-level requirement codes at the field level
  5. Chan, L.M.: ¬The principle of uniform heading in descriptive cataloging : ideal and reality (1983) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    The principle of uniform heading underlies the rules for headings in descriptive cataloging in the American tradition. The rationale and the evolution of the principle are examined and its implications discussed in terms of the history of cataloging codes. The ideal embodied in the principle of uniform heading has been undergoing gradual modification in recent codes and considerably compromised in cataloging practice today.
  6. Stone, A.T.: ¬The LCSH century : a brief history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings, and introduction to the centennial essays (2000) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    The history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings is traced, from its beginnings with the implementation of a dictionary catalog at the Library of Congress in 1898 to the present day. The author describes the most significant changes which have occurred in LCSH policies and practices during the 100-year period. Events noted near the end of the century indicate an increased willingness on the part of' the Library of Congress to involve the larger library community in the creation or revision of subject headings and other decision-making regarding the LCSH system. Finally, the author provides a summary of the other contributions to this collection of essays, a collection which celebrates the "centennial" of the world's most popular library subject heading language
    Content
    Mit einer Publikationsgeschichte der LCSH (vgl. Tabellen) und dazu gehörenden Publikationen
  7. Landry, P.: Multilingual subject access : the linking approach of MACS (2004) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    The MACS (Multilingual access to subjects) project is one of the many projects that are currently exploring solutions to multilingual subject access to online catalogs. Its strategy is to develop a Web based link and search interface through which equivalents between three Subject Heading Languages: SWD/RSWK (Schlagwortnormdatei/Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog) for German, RAMEAU (Repertoire d'Autorite-Matière Encyclopedique et Alphabetique Unifie) for French and LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) for English can be created and maintained, and by which users can access online databases in the language of their choice. Factors that have lead to this approach will be examined and the MACS linking strategy will be explained. The trend to using mapping or linking strategies between different controlled vocabularies to create multilingual access challenges the traditional view of the multilingual thesaurus.
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  8. Dextre Clarke, S.G.: In pursuit of interoperability : can we standardize mapping types? (2011) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    In the last few years projects such as DESIRE, MACS, CrissCross and KoMoHe have demonstrated the benefits as well as the challenges of mapping between controlled vocabularies. Each project has taken a slightly different approach to the definition and implementation of appropriate types of mapping. The mapping types supported by SKOS are slightly different again. In an ideal world, all major databases would be interconnected; all widely used thesauri, classification schemes and subject heading schemes would map to each other; and all of us would use the same basic types of mapping to enable universal interoperability. Or would we? This paper will discuss the feasibility and desirability of agreeing and implementing standardized mapping types.
    Series
    Bibliotheca Academica - Reihe Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften; Bd. 1
  9. ¬Die Macht der Suchmaschinen (2007) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Suchmaschinen sind der wichtigste Zugangsweg zum Auffinden neuer Netzinhalte. Insgesamt verwendeten nach einer repräsentativen Studie im dritten Quartal 2005 fast 85 Prozent der deutschen Internetnutzer Suchmaschinen. Diese sind inzwischen auch ein Big Business: Gemessen am Börsenwert ist die Suchmaschine Google mit einem Gesamtwert von 80 Mrd. Dollar das wertvollste Medienunternehmen der Welt. Der Konzerngewinn stieg von 2004 auf 2005 um 367 Prozent auf 1,5 Mrd. Dollar. Als Gatekeeper im Internet stellen die Suchmaschinen eine zentrale Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Forschung dar - letztlich geht es um die Frage der "digitalen Informationsmacht". Mit diesem Band liegt erstmals eine Publikation vor, die die Rolle von Suchmaschinen in der Informationsgesellschaft in den wichtigsten Dimensionen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven wissenschaftlich beleuchtet und dabei hilft, die künftige Suchmaschinenforschung zu systematisieren.
    BK
    05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
    Classification
    AP 18420 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Arten des Nachrichtenwesens, Medientechnik / Internet
    05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
    Content
    Der Band geht auf die internationale Tagung Die wachsende Macht von Suchmaschinen im Internet: Auswirkungen auf User, Medienpolitik und Medienbusiness bestehend aus einem interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Workshop am 26. Juni 2006 und einer Publikumskonferenz am 27. Juni 2006 in Berlin zurück, die vom Lehrstuhl für Journalistik II der Universität Leitung und dem Lehrstuhl für Internationalen Journalismus der UniversitSt Dortmund in Kooperation mit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bereich Medien und Politik, veranstaltet worden ist. In drei Kapiteln werden die zentralen Forschungsfelder aufgegriffen: Das erste Kapitel behandelt die wichtigsten Aspekte im Bereich der Suchmaschinenregulierung und -ökonomie. Es werden Herausforderungen transparent gemacht, die sich gegenwärtig in der Entwicklung befindlichen Regulierungsstrukturen analysiert und Lösungswege erarbeitet. Das zweite Kapitel beschäftigt sich, zum ersten Mal in Form einer Publikation, mit dem Verhältnis von Suchmaschinen und Journalismus. Dabei ist die Frage, inwieweit Suchmaschinen einerseits journalistische Funktionen übernehmen und andererseits Journalisten als Rechercheinstrument dienen und wie sich hierdurch das Gefüge des bisherigen Massenkommunikationssystems verändert, von entscheidender Bedeutung.
    Im dritten Kapitel werden die Qualität von Suchmaschinen und das Nutzerverhalten näher beleuchtet. Erkenntnisse über die Güte von Suchmaschinen sind von großer Relevanz, um deren Rolle bei der Informationsvermittlung in einer Gesellschaft angemessen beurteilen zu können. Der Band liefert hier neue Ansätze und Vorschläge, da die Frage nach der Qualität von Suchmaschinen noch nicht ausreichend beantwortet worden ist. Zum anderen ist die Analyse des Nutzerverhaltens grundlegend, um Schlussfolgerungen für die Medienkompetenz als zentrale Schlüsselqualifikation im Informationszeitalter ziehen zu können. Unter den Autoren sind viele der international führende Experten auf dem Gebiet Suchmaschinen, darunter Wissenschaftler der Universitäten Harvard, Yale und Columbia sowie der London School of Economics und der Pariser Sorbonne. Darüber hinaus wurden auch Beiträge von Praktikern, allesamt leitende Redakteure oder Verantwortliche in Medienunternehmen aufgenommen, um deren Erkenntnisse für die Thematik fruchtbar zu machen. Der Band richtet sich neben der Wissenschaft auch an die Praxis, vor allem die Medienaufsicht und -ökonomie sowie an den Journalismus. Er bietet aber auch der allgemein interessierten Öffentlichkeit einen fundierten Einblick in die bisher wenig erforschte Welt der Suchmaschinen.
    MARCEL MACHILL / MARKUS BEILER / MARTIN ZENKER: Suchmaschinenforschung. Überblick und Systematisierung eines interdisziplinären Forschungsfeldes TEIL 1: SUCHMASCHINENREGULIERUNG UND -ÖKONOMIE URS GASSER / JAMES THURMAN: Themen und Herausforderungen der Regulierung von Suchmaschinen NORBERT SCHNEIDER: Die Notwendigkeit der Suchmaschinenregulierung aus Sicht eines Regulierers WOLFGANG SCHULZ / THORSTEN HELD: Der Index auf dem Index? Selbstzensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen BORIS ROTENBERG: Towards Personalised Search: EU Data Protection Law and its Implications for Media Pluralism ELIZABETH VAN COUVERING: The Economy of Navigation: Search Engines, Search Optimisation and Search Results THEO RÖHLE: Machtkonzepte in der Suchmaschinenforschung TEIL 2: SUCHMASCHINEN UND JOURNALISMUS VINZENZ WYSS / GUIDO KEEL: Google als Trojanisches Pferd? Konsequenzen der Internet-Recherche von Journalisten für die journalistische Qualität NIC NEWMAN: Search Strategies and Activities of BBC News Interactive JÖRG SADROZINSKI: Suchmaschinen und öffentlich-rechtlicher Onlinejournalismus am Beispiel tagesschau.de HELMUT MARTIN-JUNG: Suchmaschinen und Qualitätsjournalismus PHILIP GRAF DÖNHOFF / CHRISTIAN BARTELS: Online-Recherche bei NETZEITUNG.DE SUSAN KEITH: Searching for News Headlines: Connections between Unresolved Hyperlinking Issues and a New Battle over Copyright Online AXEL BUNDENTHAL: Suchmaschinen als Herausforderung für Archive und Dokumentationsbereiche am Beispiel des ZDF BENJAMIN PETERS: The Search Engine Democracy: Metaphors and Muhammad
    TEIL 3: QUALITÄT VON SUCHMASCHINEN UND NUTZERVERHALTEN] DIRK LEWANDOWSKI: Mit welchen Kennzahlen lässt sich die Qualität von Suchmaschinen messen? BENJAMIN EDELMAN: Assessing and Improving the Safety of Internet Search Engines HENDRIK SPECK / FREDERIC PHILIPP THIELE: Playing the Search Engines or Hacking the Box: Möglichkeiten und Gefahren von Suchmaschinen-Hacking am Beispiel von Google NATALIE KINK / THOMAS HESS: Suchmaschinen als Substitut traditioneller Medien? Erste Ergebnisse einer Studie zum Wandel der Informationsbeschaffung durch Suchmaschinen DIVINA FRAU-MEIGS: Minding the Gatekeepers: Search Engines for Young People, and the Regulatory Riddle of Harmful Content an Environmental Cognition Perspective MARCEL MACHILL / MARKUS BEILER / ULRIKE NEUMANN: Leistungsfähigkeit von wissenschaftlichen Suchmaschinen. Ein Experiment am Beispiel von Google Scholar
    RVK
    AP 18420 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Arten des Nachrichtenwesens, Medientechnik / Internet
  10. Conversations with catalogers in the 21st century (2011) 0.09 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in Mitt VÖB 64(2011) H.1, S.151-153 (S. Breitling): "Wie sieht die Rolle der Katalogisierung im 21. Jahrhundert aus? In diversen Blogs und Mailinglisten wird darüber seit geraumer Zeit diskutiert. Der Bereich Katalogisierung befindet sich in einer Phase tiefgreifenden Wandels, ausgelöst durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren, von denen veränderte Nutzererwartungen bei der Recherche und die wachsende Menge an neuen zu katalogisierenden Materialien (e-Books, Web-Ressourcen etc.) und Formaten nur zwei Aspekte darstellen. Das technische Umfeld wird nicht zuletzt durch fortgeschrittene Möglichkeiten im Bereich Retrieval und Präsentation geprägt. Wie schafft man es, dass Katalogisierung als Teil des gesamten Bibliothekswesens relevant und zeitgemäß bleibt? Welche der in Jahrzehnten Katalogisierungspraxis erarbeiteten Standards sind erhaltenswert, und welche sind im Hinblick auf den Fortschritt der IT und ein mögliches Semantic Web vielleicht gar nicht mehr nötig oder müssen an die Gegebenheiten angepasst werden? Mit diesen und anderen Fragen beschäftigt sich die Aufsatzsammlung "Conversations with catalogers in the 21st century". In der Community bekannte Personen wie Martha Yee, Christine Schwartz oder James Weinheimer kommen zu Wort, aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum Bernhard Eversberg, Entwickler des Bibliothekssystems Allegro.
    Ein großes Thema ist erwartungsgemäß das neue Regelwerk RDA, das, um es vorwegzunehmen, bei den drei Autoren, die sich ausschließlich diesem Gesichtspunkt widmen, vorwiegend auf Kritik stößt. Erstmals publiziert wird an dieser Stelle eine Studie der Herausgeberin Elaine R. Sanchez, die ein Meinungsbild der einschlägig tätigen Bibliothekarinnen (wie z.B. Titelaufnehmerinnen, Systembibliothekarinnen) zum Umstieg auf RDA zeichnet. Wie in den anderen Kapiteln liegt auch hier der Schwerpunkt auf dem US- bzw. anglo-amerikanischen Raum, was einen Blick über den eigenen Tellerrand ermöglicht und eine Grundstimmung einfängt, der man auch in Europa und hierzulande angesichts internationaler Kooperationen und zunehmend globaler Ausrichtung bei Standards und Regelwerken Beachtung schenken sollte. Andere Beiträge setzen sich mit Themen auseinander, die ebenfalls die Rolle der Katalogisierung unter sich ständig und rasant verändernden Bedingungen betreffen: die Bedeutung von bibliographischen Standards (und Qualitätsstandards im besonderen) im Zeitalter von Google Books, das Titeldaten aus Bibliotheken "nur noch" in einem Mashup mit anderen algorithmisch aufbereiteten Daten verarbeitet; das sich wandelnde Berufsbild von Titelaufnehmerinnen, die mit traditionellen Materialien und Datenformaten arbeiten, hin zu Metadaten-Spezialisten, die sich durch Kenntnisse digitaler Objekte und der entsprechenden Formate wie etwa Dublin Core auszeichnen; Anpassung von Workflows an die technischen Möglichkeiten der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung; Anforderungen an Ausbildung und berufliche Weiterbildung von Katalogisierungsexpertinnen etc. Eine chronologische Bibliographie von Literatur mit Bezug auf Bibliotheken und Katalogisierung von 1800 bis heute beschließt den Band.
    Eine wiederkehrende positive Einschätzung ist, dass Katalogisiererinnen sich in der jüngeren Geschichte schon mehrmals Wandel und Veränderungen stellen mußten (z.B. Umstieg von Zettelkatalog auf EDV) und dies auch stets gut gemeistert haben. Allerdings muss man hier anmerken, dass neue Entwicklungen erst mit (großer) Verzögerung nachvollzogen wurden und Bibliotheken heute nicht mehr die einzigen sind, die bibliographische Daten bereitstellen. Es gilt also mehr denn je, sich als ein Player unter vielen zu positionieren und die Rolle neu zu definieren, die Bibliotheken (und vor allem die Katalogisierung als Rückgrat der Informationsversorgung) in einer veränderten Wissens- und Informationslandschaft spielen. Der vorliegende Titel kann hierzu Anregungen und Denkanstöße aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln, wenn auch keine wirklich revolutionären Ansätze oder gar fertigen Lösungen liefern."
  11. Beghtol, C.: Exploring new approaches to the organization of knowledge : the subject classification of James Duff Brown (2004) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    James Duff Brown was an influential and energetic librarian in Great Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His Subject Classification has characteristics that were unusual and idiosyncratic during his own time, but his work deserves recognition as one of the precursors of modern bibliographic classification systems. This article discusses a number of theories and classification practices that Brown developed. In particular, it investigates his views on the order of main classes, on the phenomenon of "concrete" subjects, and on the need for synthesized notations. It traces these ideas briefly into the future through the work of S. R. Ranganathan, the Classification Research Group, and the second edition of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification system. It concludes that Brown's work warrants further study for the light it may shed on current classification theory and practice.
  12. Svenonius, E.; McGarry, D.: Objectivity in evaluating subject heading assignment (1993) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    Recent papers have called attention to discrepancies in the assignment of LCSH. While philosophical arguments can be made that subject analysis, if not a logical impossibility, at least is point-of-view dependent, subject headings continue to be assigned and continue to be useful. The hypothesis advanced in the present project is that to a considerable degree there is a clear-cut right and wrong to LCSH subject heading assignment. To test the hypothesis, it was postulated that the assignment of a subject heading is correct if it is supported by textual warrant (at least 20% of the book being cataloged is on the topic) and is constructed in accordance with the LoC Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings. A sample of 100 books on scientific subjects was used to test the hypothesis
  13. Chan, L.M.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: Errors and obsolete elements in assigned Library of Congress Subject Headings : implications for subject cataloging and subject authority control (1997) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    An analysis of a sample of 9.442 headings assigned by the LoC to bibliographic records disclosed 2 types of invalid headings: those that were erroneous and those that were obsolete. Each type revealed recurring patterns. Errors and obsolete elements occuring in assigned heading involve MARC coding, terminology in main headings and subdivisions, application of subdivisions, and in mechanical elements such as punctuation and capitalization. Different headings (e.g. personal name, corporate name, topical, etc.) display different patterns as well as predominance of errors and obsoleteness. Although the overall error rate is low, an awareness and understanding of patterns of errors and obsolescnce in subject heading strings should contribute to improvement in subject heading assignment and subject authority control
  14. Drabenstott, K.M.: Facilitating geographic subdivision assignment in subject headings (1992) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    Recognises the limitations of the existing files of Library of Congress name and subject authority records for indirect geographic subdivision. Makes recommendations for enhancements to existing authority records, which would enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulation and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, whether geographic subdivision is authorized for use with a particular main heading and whether the correct form of indirect geographic subdivision is authorized for use with a particular main heading and whether the correct form of indirect geographic subdivision is given. A study of subdivided subject headings in a large bibliographic data base forms the basis of the recommendations
  15. Lazinger, S.S.: LC Classification of a library and information science library for maximum shelf retrieval (1984) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    In reclassifying a Library and Information Science library from DDC to LC, an attempt was made to concentrate books with related subject headings on the shelf for maximum shelf retrieval even in cases where the Subject Authorities or C.I.P. assign them varying numbers. Most of the shelf concentration was achieved either by selecting a single number for a given heading and then classifying all books with the heading in that number or by replacing the standard LC number for a heading with one which placed it together with related books on the shelf.
  16. Studwell, W.E.: Two lessons of history : how the development of the descriptive cataloging code and the recent cultural trend towards 'least effort' affect the formulation of a subject heading code (1992) 0.08 
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  17. Barden, B.R.; Denison, B.: Guide to the SLA loan collection of classification schemes and subject heading lists on deposit at Western Reserve Univ. as of March 20, 1961 (1961) 0.08 
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  18. Studwell, W.E.; Aggarwal, N.K.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for West Asia and the Near East in general : some proposed additions (1983) 0.08 
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  19. Studwell, W.E.; Hamilton, D.A.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Eastern Europe, excluding the Soviet Union : some proposed additions (1985) 0.08 
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  20. Studwell, W.E.; Aggarwal, N.K.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for East Asia, South Asia, and Asia in general : some proposed additions (1983) 0.08 
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