Search (1226 results, page 2 of 62)

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Abstract

The form in which knowledge is described and encapsulated has a major impact on the design of libraries and the functions performed within them. New technology and the logocentric, practicentric and democentric elements of the information infrastructure have created profound changes compelling the flexible design of libraries. The book of the 17th century, television in the 20th century, and perhaps the Internet in the 21st century, open the door to self education with little economic discrimination. New roles for libraries are emerging that require flexibility in building design for moving collections, services, functions, and equipment; restructuring staff organizations, introducing new services associated with new technology; eliminating unnecessary or unaffordable services; and housing other institutional departments within the structure of the 'new' library

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Abstract

Feature on OCLC's SiteSearch suite of software, first introduced in 1992, and how it is helping over 250 libraries integrate and manage their electronic library collections. Describes the new features of version 4.0, released in Apr 1997, which include a new interface, Java based architecture, and an online documentation and training site. Gives an account of how Java is helping the Georgia Library Learning Online (GALILEO) project to keep pace on the WWW; the use of SiteSearch by libraries to customize their interface to electronic resources; and gives details of Project Athena (Assessing Technological Horizons to Educate the Nashville Area), which is using OCLC SiteSearch to allow area library users to search the holdings of public and university libraries simultaneously

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Abstract

The Wolverhampton Web Library (WWLib) is a WWW search engine that provides access to UK based information. The experimental version developed in 1995, was a success but highlighted the need for a much higher degree of automation. An interesting feature of the experimental WWLib was that it organised information according to DDC. Discusses the advantages of classification and describes the automatic classifier that is being developed in Java as part of the new, fully automated WWLib

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Abstract

The collaborative pattern of all Nordic universities, as well as a few universities in the UK and the Netherlands, is analyzed using institutionally co-authored articles retrieved from Science Citation Index. The study shows that there are no major differences between universities of various size when it comes to the proportion of articles with internal, national, or international co-authorships. There are some country variations, but within each country, the differences among the universities are small, if any. When co-authorships were fractionalized according to the number of times a given university occurs among the addresses of an article, there were still no significant differences between universities of varying size. Since external collaboration, whether it is national or international, accounts for more than half of all articles produced by the universities, one is inclined to conclude that the universities function as a kind of cosmopolitan hotel housing nodes of scientific networks that are becoming increasingly international

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Abstract

A texture-based image retrieval system for browsing large-scale aerial photographs is presented. The salient components of this system include texture feature extraction, image segmentation and grouping, learning similarity measure, and a texture thesaurus model for fast search and indexing. The texture features are computed by filtering the image with a bank of Gabor filters. This is followed by a texture gradient computation to segment each large airphoto into homogeneous regions. A hybrid neural network algorithm is used to learn the visual similarity by clustering patterns in the feature space. With learning similarity, the retrieval performance improves significantly. Finally, a texture image thesaurus is created by combining the learning similarity algorithm with a hierarchical vector quantization scheme. This thesaurus facilitates the indexing process while maintaining a good retrieval performance. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the overall system in searching over a large collection of airphotos and in selecting a diverse collection of geographic features such as housing developments, parking lots, highways, and airports

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Abstract

The Bibliothèque Nationale acquires about 45,000 non-French documents in roman script annually; these are cataloged online in the BN-OPALE database. A MARC format, INTERMARC, is used. Standards and format are consistent with international standards (ISBD, AACRZ, UNIMARC) so that conversion and loading of records from a CD-ROM network and from RLIN can be done without difficulty. In 1995 the Bibliothèque Nationale will become the Bibliothèque de France, housing in a new building books, periodicals, and audiovisual and electronic materials; Ule old building will maintain all other items (manuscripts, maps, engravings, coins, printed music, and materials on the prfomung arts). Then another computerized system wilh new abilities will replace the present one; Concerning cataloging, for example, there will be a project for linking bibliographic records to scanned summaries of books and to scanned documents.

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Abstract

Digital libraries aim to provide value to users by housing content that is accessible and searchable. Often such access is afforded through external web search engines. In this article, we measure how easily digital library content can be retrieved (i.e., how retrievable) through a well-known search engine (Google) using its analytics platforms. Using two measures of document retrievability, we contrast our results with simulation-based studies that employed synthetic query sets. We determine that estimating the retrievability of content given a Digital Library index is not a strong predictor of how retrievable the content is in practice (via external search engines). Retrievability established the notion that search algorithms can be biased. In our work, we find that while there such bias is present, much of the variation in retrievability appears to be strongly influenced by the queries submitted to the library, a side of retrievability less examined in past work.

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Abstract

Presents a Guided tour system for the WWW, called Ariadne, which implements the ideas of trails and guided tours, originating from the hypertext field. Ariadne appears as a Java applet to the user and it stores guided tours in a database format separated from the WWW documents included in the tour. Itd main advantages are: an independent user interface which does not affect the layout of the documents being part of the tour, branching tours where the user may follow alternative routes, composition of existing tours into aggregate tours, overview map with indication of which parts of a tour have been visited an support for getting back on track. Ariadne is available as a research prototype, and it has been tested among a group of university students as well as casual users on the Internet

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Abstract

This book provides a quick, concise guide to the issues surrounding the preparation of a well-designed, professional web site using HTML. Topics covered include: how to plan your web site effectively, effective use of hypertext, images, audio and video; layout techniques using tables and and list; how to use style sheets, font sizes and plans for mathematical equation make up. Integration of CGI scripts, Java and ActiveX into your web site is also discussed

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Abstract

Explains how the Intranet (in effect an Internet limited to the computer systems of a single organization) developed out of the Internet, and what its uses and advantages are. Focuses on the Intranet developed in the Glaxo Wellcome organization. Briefly discusses a number of technologies in development, e.g. Java, Real audio, 3D and VRML, and summarizes the issues involved in the successful development of the Intranet, that is, bandwidth, searching tools, security, and legal issues

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Abstract

Gives an overview of Web information system development. Discusses some basic concepts and technologies such as HTML, HTML FORM, CGI and Java, which are associated with developing WWW information systems. Further discusses the design and implementation of Virtual Travel Mart, a Web based end user oriented travel information system. Finally, addresses some issues in developing WWW information systems

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Abstract

Ameritech Library Services has released Dynix WebPac on NT, which provides access to a Dynix catalogue from any Java compatible Web browser. Users can place holds, cancel and postpone holds, view and renew items on loan and sort and limit search results from the Web. Describes some of the other features of Dynix WebPac

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Abstract

OCLC has announced that 6 library systems have completed field tests of the OCLC SiteSearch 4.0 suite of software, paving its way for release. Traces the beta site testing programme from its beginning in November 1997 and notes that OCLC SiteServer components have been written in Java programming language which will increase libraries' ability to extend the functionality of the SiteSearch software to create new features specific to local needs

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Abstract

Demonstrates a new method of providing networked computer assisted learning to avoid the pitfalls of traditional methods. This was achieved using Web pages enhanced with Java applets, MPEG video clips and Dynamic HTML

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Object

Java

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Content

"Fünf Jahre nach seiner Gründung ist Google zum Herz des weltweiten Computernetzes geworden. Mit seiner Konzentration aufs Wesentliche hat die Suchmaschine alle anderen Anbieter weit zurück gelassen. Aber Google kann viel mehr, als im Web nach Texten und Bildern zu suchen. Gesammelt und aufbereitet werden auch Beiträge in Diskussionsforen (Newsgroups), aktuelle Nachrichten und andere im Netz verfügbare Informationen. Wer sich beim "Googeln" darauf beschränkt, ein einziges Wort in das Suchformular einzutippen und dann die ersten von oft mehreren hunderttausend Treffern anzuschauen, nutzt nur einen winzigen Bruchteil der Möglichkeiten. Wie man Google bis zum letzten ausreizt, haben Tara Calishain und Rael Dornfest in einem bislang nur auf Englisch veröffentlichten Buch dargestellt (Tara Calishain/Rael Dornfest: Google Hacks", www.oreilly.de, 28 Euro. Die wichtigsten Praxistipps kosten als Google Pocket Guide 12 Euro). - Suchen mit bis zu zehn Wörtern - Ihre "100 Google Hacks" beginnen mit Google-Strategien wie der Kombination mehrerer Suchbegriffe und enden mit der Aufforderung zur eigenen Nutzung der Google API ("Application Programming Interface"). Diese Schnittstelle kann zur Entwicklung von eigenen Programmen eingesetzt werden,,die auf die Google-Datenbank mit ihren mehr als drei Milliarden Einträgen zugreifen. Ein bewussteres Suchen im Internet beginnt mit der Kombination mehrerer Suchbegriffe - bis zu zehn Wörter können in das Formularfeld eingetippt werden, welche Google mit dem lo-gischen Ausdruck "und" verknüpft. Diese Standardvorgabe kann mit einem dazwischen eingefügten "or" zu einer Oder-Verknüpfung geändert werden. Soll ein bestimmter Begriff nicht auftauchen, wird ein Minuszeichen davor gesetzt. Auf diese Weise können bei einer Suche etwa alle Treffer ausgefiltert werden, die vom Online-Buchhändler Amazon kommen. Weiter gehende Syntax-Anweisungen helfen ebenfalls dabei, die Suche gezielt einzugrenzen: Die vorangestellte Anweisung "intitle:" etwa (ohne Anführungszeichen einzugeben) beschränkt die Suche auf all diejenigen Web-Seiten, die den direkt danach folgenden Begriff in ihrem Titel aufführen. Die Computer von Google bewältigen täglich mehr als 200 Millionen Anfragen. Die Antworten kommen aus einer Datenbank, die mehr als drei Milliarden Einträge enthält und regelmäßig aktualisiert wird. Dazu Werden SoftwareRoboter eingesetzt, so genannte "Search-Bots", die sich die Hyperlinks auf Web-Seiten entlang hangeln und für jedes Web-Dokument einen Index zur Volltextsuche anlegen. Die Einnahmen des 1998 von Larry Page und Sergey Brin gegründeten Unternehmens stammen zumeist von Internet-Portalen, welche die GoogleSuchtechnik für ihre eigenen Dienste übernehmen. Eine zwei Einnahmequelle ist die Werbung von Unternehmen, die für eine optisch hervorgehobene Platzierung in den GoogleTrefferlisten zahlen. Das Unternehmen mit Sitz im kalifornischen Mountain View beschäftigt rund 800 Mitarbeiter. Der Name Google leitet sich ab von dem Kunstwort "Googol", mit dem der amerikanische Mathematiker Edward Kasner die unvorstellbar große Zahl 10 hoch 100 (eine 1 mit hundert Nullen) bezeichnet hat. Kommerzielle Internet-Anbieter sind sehr, daran interessiert, auf den vordersten Plätzen einer Google-Trefferliste zu erscheinen.
Da Google im Unterschied zu Yahoo oder Lycos nie ein auf möglichst viele Besuche angelegtes Internet-Portal werden wollte, ist die Suche in der Datenbank auch außerhalb der Google-Web-Site möglich. Dafür gibt es zunächst die "Google Toolbar" für den Internet Explorer, mit der dieser Browser eine eigene Leiste, für die Google-Suche erhält. Freie Entwickler bieten im Internet eine eigene Umsetzung: dieses Werkzeugs auch für den Netscape/ Mozilla-Browser an. Daneben kann ein GoogleSucheingabefeld aber auch auf die eigene WebSeite platziert werden - dazu sind nur vier Zei-len HTML-Code nötig. Eine Google-Suche zu starten, ist übrigens auch ganz ohne Browser möglich. Dazu hat das Unternehmen im Aprilvergangenen Jahres die API ("Application Programming Interface") frei gegeben, die in eigene Programme' eingebaut wird. So kann man etwa eine Google-Suche mit einer E-Mail starten: Die Suchbegriffe werden in die Betreff Zeile einer ansonsten leeren EMail eingetragen, die an die Adresse google@capeclear.com geschickt wird. Kurz danach trifft eine automatische Antwort-Mail mit den ersten zehn Treffern ein. Die entsprechenden Kenntnisse vorausgesetzt, können Google-Abfragen auch in Web-Services eingebaut werden - das sind Programme, die Daten aus dem Internet verarbeiten. Als Programmiertechniken kommen dafür Perl, PHP, Python oder Java in Frage. Calishain und Dornfest stellen sogar eine Reihe von abgedrehten Sites vor, die solche Programme für abstrakte Gedichte oder andere Kunstwerke einsetzen."

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Abstract

This paper reports findings from Phase I of the Wynnewood Study - a major project investigating the information-seeking and information needs of lowincome African-American households in the Wynnewood Project in Dallas, Texas. The Parks at Wynnewood is a residential housing development at which the University of North Texas (UNT) is currently conducting the Healthy Neighbourhoods urban revitalization project. This study is also part of the second phase of a major UNT project that is investigating the community service needs of the Wynnewood residents. During this needs assessment all Wynnewood households were interviewed using an extensive twelve-page questionnaire, including a number of questions on their information needs and information-seeking behaviour. The results of the survey provide data bearing on the development of an information resource center and an information literacy programme for Wynnewood community residents. A model of resident's information environment is presented. The study of information-seeking and information needs, also known as nonwork information-seeking or citizen information-seeking, is an important and emerging area of interdisciplinary information science research. More specifically, this study is providing important data on the everyday life information needs and seeking behaviours of low-income African Americans households.

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Abstract

This paper reports the results of the second stage of the Citizenship Information research project funded by the BLR&IC: a nation-wide survey, by personal doorstep interview, of the citizenship information needs of almost 900 members of the UK public. Major findings include: that the public obtain most of their information on current issues via the mass media, and that they generally feel well informed on these issues. The public feel, however, that government is not doing enough to inform them on European Monetary Union and on local government cutbacks. Small proportions of the sample had encountered problems concerning employment, education, housing or welfare benefits, and had consulted a range of information sources in order to overcome these problems. Over a quarter of respondents had experienced disadvantage through a lack of access to information. The majority of respondents felt well informed about areas relating to citizenship, but significant proportions were poorly informed in legal rights, welfare benefits and local politics. A highly significant majority (91.7 per cent) believed that freedom of information was important for exercising their rights as citizens. Respondents tended to overestimate their voting patterns, but there was little evidence of participation in other forms of political activity. Although access to computers in the home is presently limited, the majority of respondents would use computers to vote, convey opinions to government and obtain government information. Public libraries were the preferred source of government information, and were seen as appropriate locations for a range of other types of citizenship information.

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Abstract

This paper reports the results of the second stage of the Citizenship Information research project funded by the BLR&IC: a national survey, by personal doorstep interview, of the citizenship information needs of 898 members of the UK public. Major findings include: that the public obtain most of their information on current issues via the media, and that they generally feel well informed on these issues. The public believe, however, that government is not doing enough to inform them about the Single European Currency and local council cutbacks. Small proportions of the sample had encountered problems in relation to employment, education, housing or welfare benefits and had consulted a range of information sources in order to solve these problems. Over a quarter of respondents had experienced disadvantage through a lack of access to information. Significant proportions of respondents were poorly informed about legal rights, welfare benefits and local politics. A highly significant majority (91.7%) believed that freedom of information was important for exercising their rights as citizens. Although access to computers in the home is presently limited, the majority of respondents indicated a willingness to use computers to vote and interact with government. Public libraries were the preferred source of government information and were seen as appropriate locations for a range of other types of citizenship information.

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Abstract

This article elaborates the picture of information use from the perspective of interpreting informational cues about the attributes of entities. It is assumed that such activity draws on cognitive mechanisms that are employed as the constituents of diverse interpretation approaches to informational cues. The empirical data of the study were gathered by means of think aloud method from 16 prospective homebuyers in 2008. The participants interpreted informational cues available in announcements published in a printed housing listing issue and a Web-based information system serving the needs of prospective homebuyers. The data were examined by means of qualitative content analysis. By drawing on the findings of Zhang and her associates, the study revealed 7 cognitive mechanisms: identification of key attributes, specification, evaluation, comparison by similarity, comparison by differentiation, explanation, and conclusion. Three major approaches employed in the interpetation of informational cues were identified. The descriptive-evaluative approach draws on the identification and evaluation of individual attributes of an entity. The comparative approach is more sophisticated because it is based on the evaluation of the attributes by their perceived similarity or differentiation. Finally, the explanatory approach draws on the identification of attributes with causal potential.