Search (1961 results, page 10 of 99)

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Abstract

Die Arbeit analysiert die dynamische Entwicklung und den Gebrauch von Thesaurusbegriffen. Zusätzlich konzentriert sie sich auf die Faktoren, die die Zahl von Indexbegriffen pro Dokument oder Zeitschrift beeinflussen. Als Untersuchungsobjekt dienten der MeSH und die entsprechende Datenbank "MEDLINE". Die wichtigsten Konsequenzen sind: 1. Der MeSH-Thesaurus hat sich durch drei unterschiedliche Phasen jeweils logarithmisch entwickelt. Solch einen Thesaurus sollte folgenden Gleichung folgen: "T = 3.076,6 Ln (d) - 22.695 + 0,0039d" (T = Begriffe, Ln = natürlicher Logarithmus und d = Dokumente). Um solch einen Thesaurus zu konstruieren, muss man demnach etwa 1.600 Dokumente von unterschiedlichen Themen des Bereiches des Thesaurus haben. Die dynamische Entwicklung von Thesauri wie MeSH erfordert die Einführung eines neuen Begriffs pro Indexierung von 256 neuen Dokumenten. 2. Die Verteilung der Thesaurusbegriffe erbrachte drei Kategorien: starke, normale und selten verwendete Headings. Die letzte Gruppe ist in einer Testphase, während in der ersten und zweiten Kategorie die neu hinzukommenden Deskriptoren zu einem Thesauruswachstum führen. 3. Es gibt ein logarithmisches Verhältnis zwischen der Zahl von Index-Begriffen pro Aufsatz und dessen Seitenzahl für die Artikeln zwischen einer und einundzwanzig Seiten. 4. Zeitschriftenaufsätze, die in MEDLINE mit Abstracts erscheinen erhalten fast zwei Deskriptoren mehr. 5. Die Findablity der nicht-englisch sprachigen Dokumente in MEDLINE ist geringer als die englische Dokumente. 6. Aufsätze der Zeitschriften mit einem Impact Factor 0 bis fünfzehn erhalten nicht mehr Indexbegriffe als die der anderen von MEDINE erfassten Zeitschriften. 7. In einem Indexierungssystem haben unterschiedliche Zeitschriften mehr oder weniger Gewicht in ihrem Findability. Die Verteilung der Indexbegriffe pro Seite hat gezeigt, dass es bei MEDLINE drei Kategorien der Publikationen gibt. Außerdem gibt es wenige stark bevorzugten Zeitschriften."

Footnote

Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin - Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft.

Imprint

Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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LCSH

Subject headings

Subject

Subject headings

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Footnote

The didactic parts of the book are a collection of exercises, readings and resources constituting a "Teach yourself " chapter written by Alan Thomas, ending with the warning that "New challenges include how to devise multi-functional and usersensitive vocabularies, corporate taxonomies and ontologies, and how to apply the transformative technology to them." This is absolutely right, and there is a need for some good writing that would tackle these issues. Another chapter, by James Shearer, skilfully manages to compress a practical exercise in building a thesaurus into some twenty A5 size pages. The third chapter in this set, by Marianne Lykke Nielsen, contains extensive reviews of key issues and selected readings under eight headings from the concept of the thesaurus, through the various construction stages and ending with automatic construction techniques. . . . This is a useful and approachable book. It is a pity that the index is such a poor advertisement for vocabulary control and usefulness."

LCSH

Subject headings

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Information Retrieval / Inhaltserschließung / Thesaurus (BVB)

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Information Retrieval / Inhaltserschließung / Thesaurus (BVB)
Subject headings

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

In this article, we describe and test a two-stage algorithm based on a lexical collocation technique which maps from the lexical clues contained in a document representation into a controlled vocabulary list of subject headings. Using a collection of 4.626 INSPEC documents, we create a 'dictionary' of associations between the lexical items contained in the titles, authors, and abstracts, and controlled vocabulary subject headings assigned to those records by human indexers using a likelihood ratio statistic as the measure of association. In the deployment stage, we use the dictiony to predict which of the controlled vocabulary subject headings best describe new documents when they are presented to the system. Our evaluation of this algorithm, in which we compare the automatically assigned subject headings to the subject headings assigned to the test documents by human catalogers, shows that we can obtain results comparable to, and consistent with, human cataloging. In effect we have cast this as a classic partial match information retrieval problem. We consider the problem to be one of 'retrieving' (or assigning) the most probably 'relevant' (or correct) controlled vocabulary subject headings to a document based on the clues contained in that document

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Abstract

Assigned topical and geographic subject headings from a sample of 3.814 bibliographic records in the University of Michigan Library's catalog were analyzed to determine the degree of match with LCSH, 10th edition and to idetify types of heading conflicts that lend themselves to automatic subject authority control. The findings showed a surprising degree of agreement: 44 percent of headings matched LCSH 10th completely. For headings without subdivisions, the match was 88,4 percent. Since 93,6 percent of the topical subdivisions that did not match LCSH were found on the free-floating lists, some consideration should be given to developing a machine-readable file of free-floating subdivisons for matching purposes.

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Abstract

Key problems of subject searches in online public access catalogs are that too much may be retrieved and that the display may be arranged in what appears to be an unintuitive and unhelpful manner. A study was undertaken on one large database to determine how often the display of a subject and its modifications and subdivisions extended over more than two screens and what the results on display would be of compressing geographic subdivisions and other modifications. The study then addressed the question of how often the display of a term and its subdivisions was interrupted by the appearance in the display of inverted headings, phrase headings, and headings with parenthetical qualifiers

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Abstract

Examines a method of converting assigned UDC numbers into subject headings. The method consists of 2 phases: a dictionary is created that maps UDC numbers to subject headings; and this dictionary is then mechanically applied to convert the bibliographic databases. Tests 15 different UDC classes and records translation success and problems encountered. Closely examines problems encountered in each part and describes 3 main types of UDC classes: the synthetic; the shallow enumerative; and the deep enumerative. Findings show that the time spent in the first phase is tolerable. Considers the initial question of translatability of the whole UDC in the light of the results

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Abstract

Explores the question of whether academic libraries keep up with the changes in the LCSH system. Analysis of the handling of 15 subject headings in 50 academic library catalogues available via the Internet found that libraries are not consistently maintaining subject authority control, or making syndetic references and scope notes in their catalogues. Discusses the results from the perspective of the libraries' performance, performance on the headings overall, performance on references, performance on the type of change made to the headings,a nd performance within 3 widely used onlien catalogue systems (DRA, INNOPAC and NOTIS). Discusses the implications of the findings in relationship to expressions of dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of subject cataloguing expressed by discussion groups on the Internet

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Abstract

Subject cataloguing is essential for retrieval of materials from library collections. One third of the collections in Pakistani libraries are in Urdu and other local languages. Most deal with Oriental topics. Subject heading lists, available in English speaking countries, lack suitable headings for Oriental subjects. A comprehensive list of subject headings compiled for Pakistani books written in Arabic scripts is badly needed and should be compiled. Reviews the efforts which have been made so far in this field and compares Oriental and Pakistani subject headings and other facilities in various English and Urdu lists

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Abstract

Pattern indexing is an attempt at combining standardized and free indexing. In contrast to prevailing indexing methods, notably precoordinated ones, pattern indexing also taskes into consideration the terminological and information retrieval habits in certain disciplines of science. It is based on patterns consisting of subject categories reflecting the conceptual and methodological framework of a given discipline. Zhese categories provide structured sets of standardized subject headings. To allow for flexibility and adequacy, these headings may be complemented by free indexing terms. Pattern indexing is intended to mend opaque catalog structures and terminological uncertainties of topical subject headings in common precoordinated indexing practice. Pattren indexing is discussed in the context of literary scholarship.

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Abstract

An examination of subject heading practices in the card catalogs of libraries in one New York State county and an analysis of selected subject headings found that only the largest libraries were able to provide any kind of subject authority control. Furthermore, not even the largest libraries were able to provide the "See Also" references upon which the Library of Congress assignment of subject headings is based. Changes in LCSH headings resulted in great confusion and a dispersal of resources in the smaller libraries. Is this situation typical of practices at other libraries in other parts of the United States? If so, the implications could be very serious. The study offers no answers, but raises important questions.

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Abstract

Archivists, like all other perpetrators of catalogs, are grappling with the role of authority control and the nature of authority work. The primary objective of authority work in transitional archival catalogs is to balance the headings management aspect of more traditional authority work with the historical/contextuaI aspect of enhanced authority work. Conformance with the standard requirements of headings management is necessary if archival materials are to collocate with other types of material in integrated catalogs. Techniques for archival headings management are described. Two additional objectives are to avoid duplication of work by sharing the results, and to foster the development of information systems that use the expensive authority work to support access.

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Abstract

Auburn University name authority control has evolved from card revision to online control management. Since fall 1984, obsolete entries in the frozen public catalog have not been revised. All efforts now concern the building of an interactive online data and authority file system. Statistical information on the number of headings changed during the NOTIS period is presented as evidence in favor of electronic management of bibliographic files. Statistics presented concerning authority entries changed manually during the AACR2/pre-NOTIS age balance the picture. The statistics support the hypothesis that performing authority work online is quicker and more efficient than the manual performance of equivalent tasks. Online subject authority is also discussed, as is Auburn's implementation of the Merged Headings Index to date.

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Abstract

The Library of Congress Subject Headings scheme contains a system of free floating subdicisions under types of subject headings. To create an authority record for each actual use of each subdivision would cause a great deal of extra work and lead to an excessively large authority file. On the other hand, the use of subdivisions is a hindrance to automatic verification of headings, since there is usually no corresponding authority record to which a heading with subdivision can be matched. Describes a method of automatically pre comparing subject subdivisions with verifying lists and shows how precomparisons of subdivisions can be made automatically until, and if, the problem of free floating subdivisions in automated subject authority control is externally resolved.

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Abstract

Evaluative and comparative studies of catalog data have tended to focus on methods that are labor intensive, demand expertise, and can examine only a limited number of records. This study explores an alternative approach to gathering and analyzing catalog data, focusing on the currency and consistency of controlled headings. The resulting data provide insight into libraries' use of changed headings and their success in maintaining currency and consistency, and the systems needed to support the current pace of heading changes.

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Abstract

The National Library of Latvia (NLL) made a decision to use the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) in 2000. At present the NLL Subject Headings Database in Latvian holds approximately 34,000 subject headings and is used for subject cataloging of textual resources, including articles from serials. For digital objects NLL uses a system like Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST). We succesfully use it in the project "In Search of Lost Latvia," one of the milestones in the development of the subject cataloging of digital resources in Latvia.

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Abstract

Digital repository migrations present a periodic opportunity to assess metadata quality and to perform strategic enhancements. Lafayette College Libraries implemented OCLC FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) for its digital image collections as part of a migration from multiple repositories to a single one built on the Samvera Hyrax open-source framework. Application of FAST has normalized subject headings across dissimilar collections in a way that tremendously improves descriptive consistency for staff and discoverability for end users. However, the process of applying FAST headings was complicated by several features of in-scope metadata as well as gaps in available controlled subject authorities.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: SCHMITZ-ESSER, W.: Language of general communication and concept compatibility; RIESTHUIS, G.: Theory of compatibility of information languages; DAHLBERG, I.: The compatibility guidelines - a re-evaluation; SOERGEL, D.: Data structure and software support for integrated thesauri; MURASZKIEWICZ, M., H. RYBINSKI u. W. STRUK: Software problems of merging multilingual thesauri; CHMIELEWSKA-GORCZYCA, E.: Compatibility of indexing tools in multidatabase environment; NEGRINI, G.: Towards structural compatibility between concept systems; SCIBOR, E.: Some remarks on the establishment of concordances between a universal classification system and an interdisciplinary thesaurus; HOPPE, S.: The UMLS - a model for knowledge integration in a subject field; DEXTRE-CLARKE, S.: Integrating thesauri in the agricultural sciences; ROULIN, C.: Bringing multilingual thesauri together: a feasibility study; ZIMMERMANN, H.: Conception and application possibilities of classification concordances in an OPAC environment; SOSINSKA-KALATA, B.: The Universal Decimal Classification as an international standard for knowledge organization in bibliographic databases and library catalogues; WOZNIAK, J. u. T. GLOWACKA: KABA Subject Authority File - an example of an integrated Polish-French-English subject headings system; BABIK, W.: Terminology as a level for the compatibility of indexing languages - some remarks; STANCIKOVA, P.: International integrated database systems linked to multilingual thesauri covering the field of environment and agriculture; SAMEK, T.: Indexing languages integration and the EUROVOC Thesaurus in the Czech Republic; SIWEK, K.: Compatibility discrepancies between Polish and foreign databases; GLINSKI, W. u. M. MURASZKIEWICZ: An intelligent front-end processor for accessing information systems

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

The DDC is constantly changing. In order to keep the classification up-todate with scientific advancement and literary warrant, the editorial process regularly revises specific areas in the tables or schedules and, as a result, particular topics in a class are relocated into other classes or new, subordinate classes are created. In the German National Library, the DDC is the most important system for classification and indexing. Strictly speaking it is necessary to regularly review the correctness of the DDC notations, since their new meaning may not correctly reflect the contents of the bibliographic medium any longer. However for economic reasons this is not possible with the result that a search for literature on a specific topic may return improper resources, as that topic might not be represented by the used DDC notation anymore. In a small research project, the German National Library is currently investigating if it is possible to solve this problem by giving each version of a DDC class a unique identifier. By doing this it would be possible to explicitly label which version - and thus which topics are contained - of a DDC class was used for the classification of a particular resource. If those identifiers conform to the generic URI syntax, we can model the relations between the bibliographic resources, the subject headings and the different versions of the DDC classes as a semantic network using RDF and then investigate if this approach can improve retrieval in heterogeneously indexed collections. This article presents some preliminary results.

Series

Bibliotheca Academica - Reihe Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften; Bd. 1

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Abstract

When consumers search for health information, a major obstacle is their unfamiliarity with the medical terminology. Even though medical thesauri such as the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and related tools (e.g., the MeSH Browser) were created to help consumers find medical term definitions, the lack of direct and explicit integration of these help tools into a health retrieval system prevented them from effectively achieving their objectives. To explore this issue, we conducted an empirical study with two systems: One is a simple interface system supporting query-based searching; the other is an augmented system with two new components supporting MeSH term searching and MeSH tree browsing. A total of 45 subjects were recruited to participate in the study. The results indicated that the augmented system is more effective than the simple system in terms of improving user-perceived topic familiarity and question-answer performance, even though we did not find users spend more time on the augmented system. The two new MeSH help components played a critical role in participants' health information retrieval and were found to allow them to develop new search strategies. The findings of the study enhanced our understanding of consumers' search behaviors and shed light on the design of future health information retrieval systems.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus